The Modern Era Of Reporting - 944 Words

Journalism has come a long way since its early time, but has remained the same fundamentally. This essay will explain the different types of eras in reporting the news, starting from the colonial era all the way to what is currently called the modern era of reporting. This will also define the terms of the Penny Press, Jazz journalism, Yellow journalism, and Muckraking to its specific era. In 1690, Benjamin Harris published the first American newspaper. Freedom of press wasn’t exactly in style at the time, and the newspaper was closed after a story of infidelity with the king of France and his daughter in law was published. This is an example of what journalism was like in the colonial era. It was established, in Europe, that news articles worth reporting would be, only after royal consent. it was not until 14 years later that another newspaper was published with retread, or reused, printings from European papers. Things really escalated at the beginning of the revolutionary war when newspapers and journalism became a tool for pushing political agendas. People would either side with â€Å"The colonies or with the crown†. In 1791, the First Amendment was ratified, and was the idea of having free press, and free speech. This amendment was a part of the revolutionary period and a law of the new nation. The beginning of the 19th century was the birth of the mass production of newspapers. In 1830, R. Hoe and Company built a steam press that could mass produce 4,000 copies perShow MoreRelatedRequired Midterm Essay Questions1563 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Trace the history of the printed newspaper and various types of eras in reporting the news. Start with the colonial period of print up to and including how printed news is delivered today with national papers like USA Today. Include and describe what was the significance of the era of the penny press, jazz journalism, yellow journalism, and muckraking. The history of the printed newspaper in the United States has spanned even before the nations independence. The format and coverage mayRead MoreCriminology : Criminal Justice System1028 Words   |  5 Pagespolicing has existed throughout history, from the Roman era of policing to the Japanese form of policing, organization of law enforcement wasn’t done properly until the early 1600’s. The U.S. form of policing originated from the English Anglo-Saxon common law, bringing its system of sheriffs, constables, and police organization. Dr. Schmalleger states in his book that â€Å"the history of American policing can be divided into three different eras. Each era can be distinguished from the others by the relativeRead MoreCriminology : Criminal Justice System1117 Words   |  5 Pagespolicing has existed throughout history, from the Roman era of policing to the Japanese form of policing, organization of law enforcement wasn’t done properly until the early 1600â⠂¬â„¢s. The U.S. form of policing originated from the English Anglo-Saxon common law, bringing its system of sheriffs, constables, and police organization. Dr. Schmalleger states in his book that â€Å"the history of American policing can be divided into three different eras. Each era can be distinguished from the others by the relativeRead MoreCriminology : Crime And Crime1410 Words   |  6 Pagespolicing has existed throughout history, from the Roman era of policing to the Japanese form of policing, organization of law enforcement wasn’t done properly until the early 1600’s. The U.S. form of policing originated from the English Anglo-Saxon common law, bringing its system of sheriffs, constables, and police organization. Dr. Schmalleger states in his book that â€Å"the history of American policing can be divided into three different eras. Each era can be distinguished from the others by the relativeRead MoreSafety Management Systems For Aviation Service1684 Words   |  7 Pagesare related to safety. For example they understand the hazards and risks which may affect safety. Additionally, in a Learning Culture, people possess the disposition to learn from their mistakes and change processes if necessary. Furthermore, in a Reporting Culture, people are encouraged to report their mistakes in order to assist and backing up the learning process of the organisation (Dekker 2012). In a Flexible Culture, people can change processes depending on the circumstances meaning that all personnelRead MoreHistory of the Three Kingdoms Period of Korean History1329 Words   |  5 PagesFollowing this period, between 698 and 926 AD, Korean history was in the midst of the North South States Period wherein Silla became united and coexisted alongside Balhae at point both above and below the peninsula. After this came the Koryo or Goryeo era (918-1392 AD) and then the Choson or Joseon period (1392-1897 AD). Despite being separate, kingdoms, the three had much in common including a shared culture and language, as well as religious and philosophical beliefs which were increasingly influencedRead MoreCrime Victims and the Media Essays1034 Words   |  5 Pagesmedia entertains society by reporting stories that amuse people. The educational function of the media is about allowing society to know their legal rights. The informational aspect of the media does not need to be explain ed; it is self-explanatory. Within the last three decades, the media’s role has changed dramatically. The media went from using telegraphs, post offices, newspapers, magazines, radio, and television to using cell phones and tablets. In the modern era, which is also sometimes referredRead MoreWhat Role Did the American Media Play in the Vietnam War1741 Words   |  7 Pagesform their own views and opinions on them. Notably the media simply cannot report on every event that involves America so, they also have the job of picking and choosing between what is most important and what is newsworthy, alongside the task of reporting news reports that will produce high enough ratings to keep their news station up and running. All American media outlets face these challenges; whether it is television media, newspaper media, or radio media. Both the American media and the AmericanRead Moretraditiona banking vs modern banking1397 Words   |  6 Pages 1.1: THE BACKGROUND OF TANZANIA BANKING INDUSTRY The history of Tanzania banking industry is divided into two eras which are pre-colonial era and post-colonial era. The pre-colonial era dates the 1890s dominated by German colonial era and British mandate era which dates post world war one period following the defeat of German and confiscation of its colonies and distributed to the victorious powers particularly Britain and France.Read MoreNews1364 Words   |  6 Pagesraises questions about the quality of news in the modern era. For example, the approach to news by organisations like Buzzfeed or the Daily Mail is funnier, quirkier - and some would argue often less accurate - than the more considered and researched offerings coming from traditional media organisations employing journalists who are drilled on the need for balanced, well researched, accurate and ethical reporting. There is a very large audience for modern social-media based news - as there still is

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The Ugly American William J. Lederer And Eugene Burdick

Diplomacy is the art of dealing with foreign countries and their people in a sensitive and effective way. The ability to influence people and situations contributes to effective American diplomacy. In The Ugly American William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick comment on the nature of American diplomacy in 1950s Southeast Asia. They identify the characteristics and effects of both inept and skilled diplomacy. The book highlights knowledge of language, history, and culture as critical components to the ability to influence indigenous populations. In many ways the situations and characters described in the book mirror situations and challenges faced by Special Operations Forces (SOF) today. Special Operations Imperatives are a planning tool that SOF use to influence people and situations they encounter. In order to understand the influence and effects of proper application of the Special Operations Imperatives the stories of Homer Atkins, Colonel Hillandale and Solomon Asch provide a set ting to compare and contrast with my own experiences in Afghanistan, Iraq and Jordan. Homer Atkins understood the needs of the Sarkhanese people. He identified small-scale local options to address challenges affecting the day-to-day lives of the local population. He used local materials and sought out and accepted input from the local population to ensure long-term sustainment of a bicycle-operated water pump system. Homer Atkins treated the Sarkhanese with respect and as equals. Whether it wasShow MoreRelatedSpecial Forces Soldiers Used in Book, The Ugly American by William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick1331 Words   |  6 Pages Through this essay I will use the novel â€Å"The Ugly American† (William J. Lederer Eugene Burdick) to provide context to the benefits of applying such imperatives and the consequences of improper application. I will bring to light the actions of the characters and depict the reasons why the application of the imperative made the character succeed or fail in his desired goal. The first character that I will discuss is Honorable Louis Sears, American Ambassador to Sarkhan. He received the AmbassadorshipRead MoreUgly, Ugly American, By Robert J. Lederer And Eugene Burdick s Genius Novel, The Ugly1732 Words   |  7 PagesZachery Ringstrom Professor Sullivan English 5-01 10/2/14 Ugly, Ugly Americans At the heart of nearly every world conflict, the United States of America is either at the epicenter, or in some way, majorly involved; this has caused disdain among many nations of the world—and their disdain for the United States and her means has been demonstrated in various attacks, kidnappings, and other acts of terror. And while there are plenty of Americans going off into the world making effective, meaningful changeRead MoreThe Ugly American By William J. Deming And Eugene Burdick1284 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ugly American, published in 1958, by William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick, depicts the many United States foreign policy errors of the time. Counterinsurgency is a parallel to the novel while the novel depicts the failures of American diplomats during a time in which Communism was succeeding. The diplomats’ lack of knowledge and sensitivity to the culture caused the U.S diplomatic corps to fail. Communism was particularly succeeding in Southeast Asia when Vietnam split in two along the 17thRead MoreThe Ugly Americ Influence And Effects2054 Words   |  9 PagesThe Ugly American: Influence and Effects Diplomacy is the art of dealing with foreign countries in a sensitive and effective way. The ability to influence the people contributes to effective American diplomacy. In, The Ugly American, William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick, comment on the nature of American diplomacy in 1950s Southeast Asia. They identify the characteristics and effects of both inept and skilled diplomacy. The book highlights knowledge of the language, history, and culture as critical

Essay on Proposed Solution for Solving the Foreclosure...

My proposed solution for the foreclosure problem has several parts. They include eliminating and legally banning interest only loans, mandatory loan modifications, government tax incentives to stay in a potentially foreclosed home and consumer education. Many years ago the mortgage companies created the thirty year home loan. It seems like this extended payment plan would benefit the homeowner by allowing more time to pay for the mortgage. The payments were smaller and more affordable than those of a shorter loan. But, the long term time frame was most favorable for the corporations. The thirty year loan plan originated due to the banks theory that many buyers could possibly have financial difficulty in the period of thirty†¦show more content†¦Many individuals and investors did well flipping houses, as long as there was the increasing equity to walk away with. But, in the recent economy there are loads of homeless citizens that have walked away from the illusion that yo u can own a luxury home for as little as $1,000 down and be able to re-fi the disastrous doomed loan when the home values took an upside down nose dive. There is little hope for a possible sale or re-fi when the mortgage payment becomes unaffordable and the home is appraised for $150,000 less than was borrowed. The problem can easily be seen in most cities where construction has halted and homes sit vacant and empty. So, my first remedy is to do away with interest only home loans. They have been made available for too long and should not exist. The first solution is to eliminate them and the government should make it illegal to provide them. Lenders should be policed. As great as our country is it is not perfect, as is evident with the foreclosure crisis. Next, the mortgage companies that sold them should be legally held accountable to provide mandatory loan modifications to homeowners in distress. All of these deceptive loans should be modified to an affordable rate and plan for the homebuyer. Some individuals were not even aware that their payment would be increasing and there were lawsuits because of it. Sometimes this was not properly revealed or made clear. ThisShow MoreRelatedIssues Americans Cannot Understand: The Federal Reserve and the Economy1593 Words   |  7 Pagesthat American’s are under-educated, and these are issues that we all need to face at some point in our lives. Rather than explaining each of these issues in detail, it is important to recognize that the US economy has a serious problem at hand, and the backbone of this problem is the Real Estate market. Correct the Real Estate industry, and the economy will prosper. If we look back at the United States history, we can conclude that there have been several economic revolutions, starting with the agriculturalRead MoreEssay on Using the Bankruptcy Process to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis2578 Words   |  11 PagesThe scourge of foreclosure has already affected millions of Americans, and the fear of losing ones home looms over millions more. President Obamas Making Home Affordable program has been a step in the right direction insofar as it encourages homeowners to work with their lenders to modify their mortgage loans. These modifications have helped borrowers by allowing them to keep their homes, and they have helped lenders by allowing them to receive more money than they would typically receive inRead MoreSolving The Foreclosure Crisis Essay2067 Words   |  9 Pagesbubble. With copious amounts of foreclosed homes speckling the streets of America, it compels a national debate on the issue of foreclosure itself and perhaps a solution could be f ound to the problem through discourse. In the course of this essay, a possible solution to the crisis will be elucidated. Because the full prompt for this essay calls for possible solutions that could be sent to Congress or President Obama, it stands to reason that the proposals should be within the parameters of governmentRead MoreThe Financial Crises Of 20081701 Words   |  7 Pagesalternatives to lassaire faire capitalism. The crises has seen the rise of anti-capitalist movements such as ( people before profit) offering an alternative vision to mainstream capitalism. In the EU the crises has forced people to look at alternative solutions, turning to/voting in both right wing populism/populist (parties) as well as reverting to old socialism. We are now in a state of experimentation, ‘in which the conjuncture of the strange and the familiar, of the stasis and metaporphosis, playsRead MoreHow To Solve The Foreclosure Crisis Essay1943 Words   |  8 PagesSolving the foreclosure crisis is a vital step toward the country’s economic recovery. The sooner America can resolve this crisis, the more rapidly banks will recover financially, home values will begin to rise once more and American citizens will return to work. The purpose of this essay is to provide a viable solution to the foreclosure pandemic. This proposal will benefit the homeowners, taxpayers, businesses, and the financial institutions in America. It will not benefit every household experiencingRead MoreCountrywide Subprime Lending Crisis4911 Words   |  20 PagesExecutive Summary Even though Countrywide stopped offering subprime loans 4 months ago, the company is still in the forefront of the subprime mortgage lending and foreclosure crisis. Lawsuits seem to be coming from all directions, federal and state investigative probes are launched against them, stock price tumbled to 1/5 of its value, even desperate lenders demonstrated outside their offices. 2007 has definitely not been Countrywide s year. The company has lost its place as America s Home LenderRead MoreBook Review : Alice M. Rivlin1823 Words   |  8 Pagesin some of the national government s major programs such as education, health, manpower training, and income maintenance. While reflecting on her own time in the government, Rivlin indicated in her book where the analysts were useful in finding solutions and where they weren’t due to the inadequacy of data or methods (Systematic†). Many of the people that Rivlin worked alongside with said that she left enormous impacts on the workplace. She played an instrumental role in the making of monetary policyRead MoreSocial Housing s Design Approach And Its Associated Urban Planning2536 Words   |  11 Pagesbrought to the city, such as solving the working class commendations temporarily. Nevertheless, it is a failure to deliver long-standing social improvements corresponded with the increasing suspicion of modernism, one cannot simply attribute ill fate to its â€Å"innovative physical features† (As Jane said, the Utopian and Utopia), but should rather considered a range of other elements in the larger aspect of society: factors such as difficulty of racial integration, problems of financing and managementRead MoreEssay about Mergers in the World Economy3821 Words   |  16 Pagesthere must be an international agreement on competition policy. Adam Smith highly regarded competition policy as a means to enhance economic performance. Mergers can provide positive aspects for an economy and competition policy but also provide problems. The merger of aircraft manufacturers shows how mergers directly affect society today. Competition within economies is the act of competing in the international economy. Competition policy is necessary to regulate competition between firms. ItRead MoreJob Analysis And Pay Model Inputs3639 Words   |  15 PagesAccomplishing financial objectives by collecting rent payments; paying bills for the property; forecasting property requirements; preparing an annual budget for location; scheduling expenses; analyzing variances; and initiating corrective action for problems that arise. †¢ Maintains property by investigating and resolving tenant complaints; enforcing rules of occupancy; inspecting vacant units and completing repairs; planning renovations; contracting with landscaping services. †¢ Maintains all building

The Tuskegee Syphilis And Unethical Behavior - 2026 Words

The medical world has never been black and white. A lot of the medical discovers had multiple ethical gray areas. Through the questionable testing and nameless patients, doctors were able to get away with faulty practices. Particularly in America during the 20th century, doctors from the United States Public Health Services observed the effects of Syphilis, an infectious diseases, on 600 African American males. This was called the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. For 40 years the doctors watched how the disease attacked the human body. Instead of curing the patients the doctors left them infested. The ethical issue at hand is seen in the actions and in the rituals of the doctors presiding over this experiment. Ancient philosophers such as Confucius and Aristotle would agree with this ethical issue. Confucius’s role ethics will show that the doctors were deficient in performing their roles properly, and Aristotle’s virtue ethics will show that the doctors are not acting in accordance with virtue. Therefore, the doctors were acting in an unethical capacity. The Tuskegee Syphilis trials targeted African American males in an unethical infectious disease trial. The doctors from the United States Public Health Services believed that different races had different effects towards diseases. During this time, it was seen that â€Å"[certain] racial groups were differentially susceptible to infectious disease†. Therefore, the doctors of the Public Health Services decided to test the effect ofShow MoreRelatedTuskegee Syphilis Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tuskegee syphilis study highlighted the effects of untreated syphilis in African American males by withholding syphilis treatment that was available to these men. In addition, Tuskegee syphilis study demonstrated how the participants’ rights were taken for granted or even minimized in order to obtain information on how the human body was affected by untreated syphilis. This study allows one to view how the ethical rights were violated and allows for guidelines to be establish ed preventing futureRead MoreEthics Of The Tuskegee Study1377 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare and performing scientific medical research. The Tuskegee study failed to uphold the moral codes. The Tuskegee syphilis study was the longest held study in the United States. The study continued for 40 years, from 1932 to 1972 which at that time a civil rights attorney ended the study and filed a lawsuit claiming the study carried out unethical methods. The Tuskegee study included only African American males with the diagnosis of syphilis. The study initially was to determine if the AfricanRead MoreBad Blood, Good Nursing1538 Words   |  7 Pagesrole that the infamous Nurse Rivers played in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Today, we know that nurses have an ethical duty to intervene when an unethical practice is found, both for the safety of the patient and the integrity of the title RN. Nurses may have difficulty intervening with unethical practices of a doctor because of the negative effects it may have on the working relationship. However, after reviewing what occurred within the Tuskegee study, we’ve seen what happens when a nurse failsRead MoreEthical Behavior Involving Human Subjects1637 Words   |  7 Pagesperimeters as we will learn, empowers us with the quality that we may need to improve the wellbeing of others thus advancing our knowledge in human research. Within this brief report, we will discuss the Belmont Reports, and how it applies to ethical behavior involving human subjects. Over the centuries we have as a species in some form or another attempted to apply unbiased approaches to research. Some of those attempts proved to be more barbaric than assumed, while other res earch has proven to be exactRead More2. Grant’s conceptual model gives us an idea of how stressors, such as major life events, daily1000 Words   |  4 Pageshealth. 3. The Tuskegee Study and Lucan et al’s study have some similarities as well as its differences. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was an experiment to see how the effect of the late stages of syphilis affected black men (Brandt, 1997). Lucan et al’s study focused on the factors of low income African Americans in urban communities and how those factors influences their diet (Lucan et al, 2012). Although the participants of both studies focused on African Americans, the Tuskegee experiment focusedRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Guidelines2103 Words   |  9 Pagesstudies and I found The Tuskegee Syphilis Study to be the most interesting. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study took place in Tuskegee, Alabama were African-American men were chosen to participate in a study which was supposed to help discover the effects of untreated syphilis (Smolin 2012). The purpose of this study was to find African-American males who were in the second stage of syphilis, and then occasionally comp lete examinations on the men to help determine the effects that the syphilis had on their bodiesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tuskegee Experiment1713 Words   |  7 Pagesthese experiments is the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment conducted to unknowing subjects for 40 years. The Deadly Deception: Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Officially called the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male, it was considered as one of the most infamous biomedical experiment in the history of the United States. The study was conducted between 1932 and 1972 by the U.S. Public Health Service, which aimed to examine the natural development of untreated syphilis in rural African-AmericanRead MoreThe Effects Of Syphilis On The African Americans984 Words   |  4 Pagestype of healthcare. American society was divided and prejudice and racism against blacks dominated public opinion. This type of environment paved the way for â€Å"The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study† which received full support from the US Public Health Services. This case study was initiated to study the effects of syphilis on the African Americans specifically if went untreated until death, followed by an autopsy to determine pathological findings. (Brandt 1978) This study influenced by racismRead MoreEthics : Morals And Ethics1626 W ords   |  7 Pagesmean many different things to many different people. Definitively, morals are â€Å"concerning or relating to what is right and wrong in human behavior† (Merriam-Webster.com). This is where it becomes complicated, because establishing what is really right and wrong and getting rid of the grey areas in an imperfect world is impossible. Ethics are â€Å"rules of behavior based on ideas about what is morally good and bad† (Merriam-Webster.com). So, while they’re fairly similar, they do differ minutely. ButRead MoreA Research Study On Psychological Research1657 Words   |  7 Pagesrange from being simple to very complex. Psychological research deals with the research that psychologist have conducted to research and analyze the behavior of individuals. When conducting these researches there are special guidelines which need to be taken. If the researcher fails to meet these guidelines the research may be classified as unethical. When conducting psychological research there are many important ethnical guidelines which need to be followed. The researcher should inform consent

Daoism vs. Confucianism free essay sample

The sixth century represented a flourishing era for philosophical growth in ancient China. It is in the course of that period that Confucius and Lao-tzu, the two most significant Chinese spiritual figures, are believed to have lived and taught. The philosophies that they adapted, Taoism and Confucianism, coexisted in dynastic China, appealing numerous followers over the last 2,500 years. Although both Taoism, founded by Lao Tzu, and Confucianism, founded by Kong Qiu (Confucius), share numerous similarities and emphasize on self-improvement and salvation, these two philosophies have strong contrasts that I will try to highlight through a comparison of these two traditions based on the Confucius text â€Å"Harmony with the Universal Order† and the Taoist â€Å"The Tao itself â€Å". The chief variance between Taoism and Confucianism resides in the religious goal of the two philosophies. While Confucianism deals with social matters and seeks order, unity, mutual respect and social harmony, Taoism emphasizes on oneness with the cosmos. We will write a custom essay sample on Daoism vs. Confucianism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In â€Å"Harmony with the Universal Order† we notice a repetitive use of the word moral which is the core concept of Confucianism. Indeed, this text written in the form of quotes, teachings and sayings of Confucius indicates the importance of morality, ethics and activism. One famous quote of Confucius says â€Å"The superior men are sparing in their words and profuse in their deeds. Which supports the fact that each person should live by virtue and value integrities in all social matters. Confucius emphasizes on brotherhood and compassion and shows his followers the way to learn to be human and attain a structured society. However, Taoism’s main emphasis is on the body and to be one with the nature. This is a religion of union and opposites (Ying and Yang). This philosophy is centered on searching for the ‘meaning’ and achieving balance, union and harmony with the nature. It also promotes the pursuit of spiritual immortality as well as self-development. Taoism enhance different practices such as meditation, feng shui, fortune telling and reading and chanting of scriptures. In Taoism, enlightenment is a gradual and constant progression which can be achieved by reaching the Way through self-transformation until the Tao can be realized. â€Å"The Tao Itself†, written as a poem, tries to describe the Tao, which is literal translated as the way. According to this text, the Tao is a mysterious powerful force which cannot be defined as Lao-tzu states Those who know do not say; those who say do not know. It is the ultimate reality in which everything is interconnected. Even if the Tao is perceived as a source of creation it is not a God or an object of worship, it is not expressible or perceived but still gives the rise to all beings and allows the flow of the entire universe. Although the world Tao appears in both Confucianism and Taoism, it refers to different concepts in each of these traditions. If in Taoism it is â€Å"the way† and ultimate truth, Confucianism perceive it as â€Å"the moral law†. It is to say the way individuals should act and behave in a society. It is a moral and ethical path that one should adapt in his everyday life and interactions such as the respect of elderly for example. Harmony also slightly differ in these two religions. As Taoists believe that harmony is the peruse of the Tao and be one with the universe, Confucianism hunt for reinforcing and serving the society by bettering the self and perusing knowledge. The contrast between the two religions takes many other perspectives besides way of salvation and practices. We can give the example of the different views of afterlife. While Confucianism states that one should be worshiped by descendants and family after his death, Taoism emphasizes the fact that human soul lives on. And even if Taoism is centered on only following the Tao, Confucianism stresses the idea of ethics and respect towards the ones that are superiors to us. Although these religions don’t agree on many concepts and differ on many levels, they both focus on the individual and his behavior and thus, served, and still serve as guides. Furthermore, concepts of educating the self, filial piety and enlightenment appear to exist in each of these traditions which don’t constitute a way of thinking, they are more ways of life. These two religions also share the same history as they both emerged after the fall of the Zhou dynasty as a way to find solutions to the chaos that appeared due to that fall. Regardless of these similarities, Taoism and Confucianism represent two different and distinct systems but it still very interesting for scholars to study how people in china particularly manage to embrace both of these religions in a way where a new version of two protagonists emerge especially when considering the rising of religious intolerance and the clash of different doctrines around the world. For now, the solution might be made in China.

Entrepreneurship Incubation Environments

Question: Discuss abut the Entrepreneurship Incubation Environments. Answer: Introduction The aim of the present assignment is to identify as well as to evaluate the possible market opportunities for a start up business in the premise of Australia. More precisely, the paper is going to recognize a relevant target market for an entrepreneurial business venture through having an elaborate market analysis and designing appropriate strategies and tactics to approach the target market. The attempt would thereafter be accompanied by an in-depth evaluation of the probable risks associated with the start up business venture in the market premise of the considered territory. For the distinct purpose mentioned above, the assignment has chosen the venture of importing handicrafts from Nepal to Australia. Therefore, the focus would be to outline possible strategies and identifying the premises for developing the considered entrepreneurial attempt. In this context, it is required to mention that in Australia, there is a bright scope for developing the import business of handicrafts. It is because of the fact that the territory is emerging as a potential business market for handicrafts. Specifically, the market zone is opening its door for the south East Asia and countries like India, Nepal, Thailand, Korea, Hong Kong and Indonesia for handicraft businesses (Thurbon 2015). It is fortunate to contemplate here that the Australian business environment of handmade crafts is hugely influenced by the ideals of the products, which are handmade. Henceforth, it can be anticipated that the scope for establishing the venture of importing handicrafts from Nepal and selling them on a profitable range in the market of Australia is high. However, the current assignment is going to focus on assessing the associated risks, which are supposedly risks regarding import permits and issues regarding custom requirements. However, it is significant to mention in this respect that, as the Australian market for handmade crafts are growing and giving opportunities to several entrepreneurs; it would not be easy to soar high immediately for the concerned business owners. Therefore, a coherent understanding about the competitors would be necessary to accomplish for the present purpose, which would be done through an elaborated market analysis. Market analysis In order to understand the ways through which the entrepreneurs would be successful in accomplishing the customer requirements, better than the existing rival organization, the assignment would now engage in making a sound competitor analysis. However, prior to identify the potential and existing business competitors and their individual qualities, it is essential to note that the economic condition of Australia is enviable as per the fact that abundant of natural resources is potential enough in attracting foreign direct investment (Kremer and Symmons 2015). Most importantly, the economy of Australia has been consistent in growing impressively for the past 17 consecutive years prior to the financial crisis. On the other hand, it is fortunate enough to indentify that Australia has concluded its highest regional trade negotiation priority in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement. Along with this pursuit, the continent has prioritized Free Trade Agreements with countries like Malaysi a, Indian, Nepal, China, Indonesia, Japan and the Gulf Cooperation council. Therefore, it means that for the concerned entrepreneurs, it would not be struggling to enter into the business market of handmade crafts in Australia. However, Australia has a multi-cultural society and a fair transport operating system, which would work in favor for the business venture of the entrepreneurs (Kremer and Symmons 2015). As per the fact that the business is about importing handcrafts and selling them into the Australian market, it is necessary to contemplate that being one of the significant members of world trade organization, Australia is obliged not to increase the rate of tariff above the agreed level in trade discussions. After having a brief understanding about the current market atmosphere of Australia, it is essential now to identify the strength and weakness of the competitors and power of the current suppliers. Therefore, porters five forces analysis would be convenient for the purpose. Bargaining power of the buyers Presently, the premise for handicraft business in Australia is crowded up with several professional bodies, which mainly promotes, produce and sells woodcraft, jewelries, glass crafts and various patchwork and quilting (Kremer and Symmons 2015). Henceforth, seemingly, the industry does not possess handful of business organizations who are engaged in importing and selling handmade crafts from the South East Asian countries. Therefore, it is understandable that the possible buyers for handmade imported products would not find numerous alternatives to buy the products. Thus, their buying power will be understandably low. Bargaining power of the suppliers As per the fact that there are few business ventures those concentrate in importing handcrafts from Nepal, the suppliers from Nepal do not find too many individuals in Australia to export their products. Therefore, it is fortunate that the entrepreneurial venture would not find it difficult to procure proper suppliers in convenient price from Nepal. Hence, the supplying power of the suppliers would not be adverse. However, in the context it is to mention that the demand for Himalayan crafts is raising therefore the suppliers of Nepal should have demands from several other countries and continents. Therefore, the entrepreneurs should not neglect this fact. Threat of substitutes Unfortunately, the threat of substitutes is high for the concerned entrepreneurial venture as per the fact that currently the Australian market for handicrafts is filled with various creative and handmade products. Most importantly, organizations like Taree Craft Centre, ACT woodcraft Guild, Australian Sewing Guild, and our handcraft and Australian Craft gallery changes their price range to meet the customer demand. At the same time, they prefer to modify their creative products according to their customers needs. Thus, the threat of substitute handcrafts is high (Joseph and Southcott 2013). Nevertheless, it is still fortunate that the amount of substitute handmade crafts from Nepal is less. Industry competitors It is unfortunate that the Australian crafts are not frequently celebrated and praised on national stage. However, the continent has given birth to several creative and innovative handcraft organizations like Venice Biennale, Canberra Potters society and Adeliade Potters club are there which are some of the potential organizations selling and promoting handmade crafts in Australia. However, it is still fortunate for the concerned entrepreneurs to have a smooth market entrance as per the fact that most of the organizations of handcrafts are non-profit organization. Moreover, only Australian Sift and Homewares Association Limited is the one of the well-known non-profit organizations that is comprised with importers and wholesalers (Joseph and Southcott 2013). Therefore, it is understandable that the entrepreneurs would not find too many potential competitors in the business premise of Australia. Threat of new entrants Australia is currently concentrating on the business of handicrafts to emerge in an international premise. Moreover, the continent has already engaged in a free trade agreement due to which Australia is providing opportunities to make business with the South East Asian territories. Therefore, such a bright scope is impressive enough to catch eyes of several entrepreneurs. Henceforth, unfortunately the threat of new entrants would be high. Target market There are several handcraft selling organizations in Australia who buying products from the retailers and importers and directly sell them to the market. The concerned entrepreneurs could therefore act as wholesaler for the organization. On the other hand, the society of Australia is multi cultural who possesses interest in trying new and creative products. Henceforth, the upper class household owners of Australia would also be the potential target market for the entrepreneurial venture. The two identified target markets and relevance behind choosing them can be evaluated and segmented as per the following Target markets Geographic Demographic Behavioral Psychographic The current handcraft selling organizations As the entrepreneurs have preferred to make business in the front of Australia primarily, they would target the handmade crafts selling organizations of Australia and specifically those organizations, which belong to the urban zone (Drucker 2014). The organization, which sells crafts from several importers and whole sellers of Australia who can be categorized in both profit and non-profit organizations. Behavior wise the selected target market would understandably prefers to buy products, which are innovative as well as worth of its price (Fairlie 2013). More precisely, the organizations would prioritize in buying those products, which can fulfill the demand of the customers. It has been found that the organizations who would like to buy products from the concerned entrepreneurs are considerate about both the elite class and middle class society (Garca and Welter 2014). Upper class and middle-class household owners Similarly as the previous target market, the second target markets geographic location would primarily be the urban area of Australia (Yu et al. 2014). However, as Australias urban and rural areas are not categorized by financial affordability, the upper class families of both the rural and urban side would be the target market (Weller 2015). The products of the entrepreneurs will target both the male and female individuals whose age group can be categorized among 25-40 and 40-70. Moreover, most of them are expected to have a fair financial background to afford the products. The upper and middle class families of Australia who are preferred as one of the chief target markets have a very sophisticated taste in collecting handcrafts. Their chief motive of buying handmade crafts is primarily for decorating their house. Understandably, it would be their purchase criteria. In terms of lifestyle and class, it can be said that the considered target market the household owners belong to the upper and middle class premise. The desire to have a sophisticated interior should be prioritized (Yamakawa et al. 2015). Marketing Product The considered product for the concerned entrepreneurial venture is various kinds of handmade crafts. In this context, it is required to mention that the handmade crafts would be mainly imported from Nepal. The Himalayan hand made products can be categorized among textile and non-textile products. In terms of textile handmade crafts, the entrepreneurs have decided to import woolen, pashmina, felt, hemp, and cotton and alloy products. On the other hand, in terms of non-textile items, the entrepreneurs have determined to import and sell almost every kind of Himalayan specialties, such as metal craft, silver jewelries, bone and horn products, ceramic, leather goods, Paubha, stone, Bamboo craft, crystal products, beads item, and handmade paper crafts. The plan is here to import the products and pack them in new attire in order to grab the eyes of the target market. In this respect, it is essential to mention that the packages would clearly mention the names and details of their distribut ors as well as their manufacturers. At the same time, the packaging would enlist the ingredients used in time of making the products. In case if handicapped and marginalized people or backward communities would make the products, then information about them would also be provided on the coverings. In this way, the entrepreneurs will be able to increase concerns about the marginalized and backwards communities of Nepal in the Australian society (Read et al. 2016). In this way, there will be scope for the inhabitants of Australia to provide financial help to the people of Nepal (Oswald Beiler 2014). Pricing Most importantly, for making a fruitful marketing, the entrepreneurs would concentrate in selling the product in two different price ranges. For the organizations and shops who will directly sell the imported products, the entrepreneurs would mainly adopt promotional pricing. It is because of the fact that the prime desire of the entrepreneurs is to promote their product in the market initially (Storey 2016). On the other hand, for the upper and middle class household owners, the pricing strategy would be value pricing (Henry and Shutt 2014). The decision for choosing value pricing for the second primary target market has been taken considering one of the behavioral traits of the target market, which is to pay for value. Therefore, economy or value pricing and promotional pricing would be two selected pricing strategy for the entrepreneurial venture. Place For selling the handmade products, which will be imported from Nepal, the entrepreneurs have selected the handcraft selling organization of the urban area of Australia. On the other hand, for the selling the product to the upper and middle class household owners, the entrepreneurs would do marketing in both the rural and urban areas of the considered territory. Both rural and urban premise would be appropriate for marketing as in Australia rural and urban societies are not categorized based on money. Promotion For promoting the product in both the rural and urban places of Australia, the entrepreneurs would consider promoting the products through various trades fair and by organizing various workshops. On the other hand, for encouraging the household owners to buy the products, the entrepreneurs would use online social media like Facebook and YouTube (Hens 2015). The entrepreneurs would also use pamphlets, posters, local newspapers and radios for promoting the unique features and product prices of the crafts. Strategies and tactics The strategies for attracting the target market, which will be applicable and relevant for the funds, would mainly rest on the premise of pricing and promoting. Affordable pricing The most significant strategy, which would be convenient to apply according to the fund and buying of behavior of the two identified target markets, would be to set individual price range (Sarasvathy et al. 2014). As discussed above in the pricing section, it would be appropriate to select two different kinds of pricing methods. With the help of different kinds of pricing methods, it would be easy to catch the eyes of individual target market (Daraban 2016). It is a considered fact that people always prefer show loyalty to those products, which seems affordable to their pockets (Al-Dajani et al. 2014). From the pricing section, it is understood that promotional pricing and economy pricing would be two pricing strategy, which would be applied to the individual target market of the entrepreneurial venture. For successfully accomplish the pricing strategy, the appropriate tactic would be to make a thorough market research prior to apply the pricing strategies on the market (Hagedorn and Jamieson 2014). At the same time, the entrepreneurs would need to make a thorough evaluation of their current fund to understand whether they would be able to import and sell the products in their preferred pricing strategies. Strategies for promotion The other most significant strategy, which would be logical and relevant for the target markets as well as for the fund is the strategy of promoting the products through trade fairs and online marketing. Online marketing or e marketing is one of the most convenient ways to reach to the customers in the contemporary world (Berry et al. 2014). As per the fact that the business venture has chosen the upper and middle class household owners, online promotion through YouTube and Facebook would be appropriate as per the growing habit of using internet among the society. On the other hand, promotions through various trade fairs would attract both the small and medium sized enterprises who are interested in selling handmade crafts (Tsang and Blevins 2015). Besides, due to the new trade agreement made by Australia, there would be impressive number of trade fairs in the following year. Critical risks For any entrepreneur, risks of competitors and the risk of losing money are two most significant constraints. Besides them, economical risk, and risks regarding importing products would be probable for the concerned entrepreneurs. Financial risks It is a possibility that the concerned entrepreneurial venture could not meet the expectations of the segmented target markets and lose the entire fund. The prevalence of encountering the particular issue is high as per the fact that the imported goods from the Himalayan zone may not attract the target markets (Hisrich et al. 2016). Moreover, there are already several organizations selling various handmade crafts. Economic risk It is fortunate that the current economic situation of Australia is stable though economic recession is a possibility that can take place any time. Therefore, the entrepreneurs need to have a firm management upon cash flow and supply chain (Henrekson 2014). At the same time, they should have the ability to predict demand and financial affordability of the target market. Competitor risk The entrepreneurs are desiring to establish a business of importing handicrafts from the Himalayan zone Nepal. However, as per the fact that the Australian market are currently having several profit and non-profit organizations selling handicrafts, there is strong chances that the entrepreneurs would have to face failure in attracting their respective target markets. The existing strategies of the rival organizations may beat the strategic operations of the present entrepreneurs. Risk regarding importing It is a strong probability that the valuable handmade products coming from Nepal may be damaged in time of importing. Due to inappropriate transportation and inappropriate handling, the products would be lost or completely ruined, which could make huge financial loss for the concerned entrepreneurs (Parry and Mallett 2015). Besides, sudden changes in foreign exchange and in currency value can also prove detrimental for the business venture. Financial Estimate of the business venture: Net cash inflow 49,000.00 52,025.00 49,148.00 Considering the above income statement, it can be said that the organization is expected to earn profit from the business amounted to $26,355 which is expected to increase in subsequent second and third years. Further, certain costs of the business organizations are expected to diminish in the future years that includes advertising cost while the distribution cost is expected to increase. Similarly, financial position of the business reflects current ratio more than one in all the three years, which represents that the organization has the capacity to pay off its current obligations through the current asset resources. In addition, the organization is expected to have positive cash flow from its business operations, which represents increase in the second year. Conclusion The assignment chiefly focuses on the entrepreneurial venture of importing handcrafts from Nepal to Australia. According to the assignment, in order to accomplish the aim of establishing the business in the premise of Australia, the entrepreneurs would select the small and medium size organizations selling handmade crafts and the upper and middle class household owners who have a sophisticated choice for interior. Moreover, the assignment has indicated that the entrepreneurs would select promotional pricing and economy pricing for their individual target markets. 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