What is the importance of the United States Constitution Essay

What is the importance of the United States Constitution - Essay Example either American to follow what is states in the constitution and a breach in the constitution of the orbit is a legal offence. The presidents, governors as well as all the leaders in the country take an whammy that they would abide by the constitution and uphold the constitution for the smooth running of the country.The constitution of the country explains the incision of power between the different bodies of the federal government as well the state government. The constitution in any case draws a line between the state and the federal government and explains the functions that are assigned to both the governments. It is owe to these differences that have been highlighted by the constitution that the states work in collaboration with the federal government for the good of the country as a whole. The constitution thus binds the different segments together for functioning and this provides for the progress of the country.The legal strategy as well as runs as per the laws put forward by the constitution of the United States. These laws are to be followed in all the courts and judicial systems in the country whether they are the state courts or the federal courts. Thus, the constitution also promotes the efficient working of the judicial system in the United States.The liberty and the freedom of speech that has been give to every American are also provided by the constitution of the country. The constitution also allows the bearing of coat of arms for self protection. The civil liberties enjoyed by the nationals as well as the immigrants are thus provided by the points lay out in the constitution. The constitution grants the greatest power to the American people and they can contest against dark owing to the strength granted to them by the constitution.The constitution of the United States can correctly be called as the highest law in the country that it to be followed by each and ev ery citizen. The president, members of the congress, senate as

Obama Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Obama Care - Essay ExampleThe arrange requires that a significant percentage of the income group should have health damages. The crook is helpful to low-income adults because of the expansion of Medicaid. The manage also introduces programs that aid early retirees indemnification programs. The PPACA is also supportive to workers at their old age, who would benefit from the coverage, match to Begley et al. (2012). Employers can have insurance cover for the group of employees that go for early retirement, between the age of 55 and 64. This is helpful to these employees since they have the assurance of insurance even if they take early insurance. The Act also expands insurance to non-employed youths aged between 19 to 25 years through their parents coverage. According to Begley et al. (2012), the various reforms are beneficial to employees. According to Hoffman (2011), the act reduces the burden of cost of insurance on just a limited potion of employees. The act is instrumental because of its level of regulation of insurance rates. The various discounts on wellness programs introduced, by the act, are principal(prenominal) and helpful to employees. The act has several financial security provisions that could be helpful in diminution the expense of medical care as well as premium cost (Hoffman, 2011). For instance, the provision that health plans should limit the cost-sharing obligation renders it cheap to afford health care. Miller (2012) provides a contradicting persuasion that the PPACA to is economically burdening to the employees. The act, tally to Miller (2012), has its basis on improper analysis of its economic implications on workers. The act does not keep company any explainable principle and, instead, diminishes some pieces of the federal government related to regulation of insurance. In the opinion of Miller (2012), the expansion of tax allocated to insurance would be a better policy provision compared to high-and-mighty the cost on workers . Tax expansion was a more suitable source to finance the insurance coverage stipulated in PPACA than making the workers pay for it. The individual responsibility outline in the act is unconstitutional and unnecessary, according to Miller (2012). McDonough (2012) identifies the extent of opposition that the PPACA reviewed since its congressional debate began in 2009 to its declaration as world lawful in 2012. Those in opposition of the act highlighted the economic effects of the provisions of the law. The law would step up the expenses of states and further create a burden on their budgets. The burden and effects of the burden roll trim to workers who directly pay for it. In general, there are more beneficial to workers that come with the approval of PPACA than those having the reverse gear opinion present. It remains the basis of success in achieving reforms in the countrys health insurance system. The act places the role of employers in ensuring efficiency in health insurance at the center and, therefore, creating remarkable changes (Eibner, Hussey & Girosi, 2010). Insurance support by the employer increases efficiency in expanding cover of employees. Full implementation of PPACA would transform the health insurance markets in the country. It would help to change the decision of workers concerning the enrollment for health insurance cover. The act places various advantages to workers. There is a notable reduction in direct expenditure out of pocket. High out-of-pocket expenses, notably, is one of factors that append to the low coverage of

How Ethics Provides a Standard for the Recourses of Action in the Assignment

How Ethics Provides a Standard for the Recourses of Action in the World - Assignment ExampleIn the era of the contemporary world, single loafernot deny that globalization has been the dominating force in order to utilise influence and control over other countries and groups of people. To a certain, the catholicity cause of globalization can gravely deform the concept of ordinary ethics. Kant purported that universal ethics is something that is generally agreed upon by people over collectible to its principles being applicable to almost everyone (Gregor 1998, p. 47).If carefully scrutinize, the globalized condition of the twenty-first century indeed distorts the universal ethics due to an imposition of a certain standard to make it universal. Thus, it can detrimentally devalue the universality of ethical principles. To a certain extent, it can be analyzed that the universal ethics becomes an imposed universal ethics. Why is this possible? This happens due to cultural complicati ons that come with globalization as a phenomenon.The ethical scruple that one must assess is that is it reasonable to impose new cultural conventions, under the banner of one world, one culture, to achieve the universality being aspired for (Steger 2003)? There are several issues that will definitely come here. Other people chose to comply with the standards imposed by globalization due to the benefits it can twirl them as of the moment. However, it is costly given that one must give up certain conventions just to throw the latest trend in the world. The trend becomes a standard for universality in this case. Is this ethical? Yes, for globalized trends of the 21st century. However, for those countries that have so much primacy on their culture, how are they assured of them preserving their innate cultural values and attitudes, which can be considered universal and morally correct for them?Thus, it can be considered ethically wrong but due to the conditioning of the peoples minds et about what is acceptable and ethical, the incursion of globalized conventions deforms the universal ethics.

Long and Foster Real Estate Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Long and Foster Real Estate Companies - Essay ExampleThe mho system after full incorporation will serve the Long and Foster Reston office agents with an calculate to bettering their services.In order to efficiently use the services of the system, the agents will need to be trained in its operations so as to ensure the smooth incorporation of the system into their every day on the job(p) environment. After the successful integration of the phone system into the nerves system, the smart set will flat notice changes in its productivity levels.This system will, in the long run, boost the productivity levels of the company by more than 30% as it ensures efficiency in every task that it is programmed to cut, including but not check to the forwarding of calls from the office to the agents in a timely manner. This ensures that the agents are free to execute the rest of their mandates tasks hence making them more efficient. The system will also allow for the optimization and streamli ning of the business itself, as sanitary as match all of the needs of this growing business.With this in mind, I have chosen to undertake this study with a view to studying this magnificent system and the impact it is going to have to this company both immediately after incorporation and also looking at the company as an organization that has to survive.Technology is rapidly changing in our world and an organization must embrace this change or be left behind. For an organization to run efficiently while ensuring maximum productivity, it requires resources that will facilitate its execution noting to increase its productivity.These resources are brought in to facilitate the smooth running of the organization while enabling it to meet its set objectives. The telephone system is very important to an organization. One of the obvious reasons for this is to ensure that the organization maintains contacts with its clientele.

Response to Coments on DQ1 Hunt and DQ2 SmithW11 Essay

Response to Coments on DQ1 Hunt and DQ2 SmithW11 - Essay ExampleAnother great attribute close learning about accounting is that that knowledge can be used to improve a souls ability to analyze investment opportunities. By analyzing the four basic financial statements a individual can perform a good assessment of whether a company is doing well or not. DQ2 I want to congratulate you on your career aspirations of pursuing an MBA to become a omnibus in the cordial reception industry. The use of accounting is very important to effectively run a hotel operation. invoice can attend to the manager determine what are the fixed and variable costs of the operation. Based on that information the manager can determine the needed occupancy rate for the hotel to exceed the breakeven point in order to direct a financial profit. Having knowledge about GAAP is very important and has lot of practical uses. A few years my brother who is an accountant learned about an accounting change that dras tically unnatural the financial results of some companies including VTSS. Due to the accounting change the value of the stock went up for $0.35 to over $4 in less than 6 months. Accounting knowledge is very useful to make investment decisions. References Luc.edu. Accounting Trivia. Retrieved June 14, 2011 from http//www.luc.edu/sba/accounting_trivia.shtml

Human Population Ecology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Population Ecology - Essay ExampleAs a existence increase the resources be go into scarce. Therefore the alterations in number of births and deaths also decelerate. The human tribe has been growing persistently since the 1650, finally reaching a figure of 6 billion by latish 1999 and 6.3 billion by 2003. Now whether this reaping will continue consistently depends on ecological aspects. date ecologists energy in certain circumstances feel that growth in human tribe might stop, in other cases they suggest that there is no permanent reason to restrain the growth. A quick growth is supposed to have taken place owing to factors like a fast spill in death rate, modern techniques and processes of sanitation, an enhancement if growth of food facilities and distribution, improved medical care facilities and with duration the improved living standards and higher level of income led the decline in birth rate to come to terms with death rate. In different European nations in 200 3 the growth in human population has become negative or zero. As per the medium variant forecast of United Nations, a growth of zero percent is predicted for 2 nose candy. At that point of time, around 11 billion is the target population to be achieved. The population of the world reached one billion in 1850, two billion in another 100 years and 6.3 billion in 2003. As per Lomborg 60 percent of this growth would be skewed towards 12 nations. The regions outside Asian and African countries might not undergo the problems with population density. The population growth is highest in Asia where the zenith was achieved during 1989-91 with an addition of around 58 million births every year. The population growth has decreased gradually to 0.013 in 20032.Each individual contributes another individual to the population, which can be called the per capita rate of increase. According to the Essentials of Ecology population growth follows an Exponential Growth Model. The rate of per capita incr ease in the population can also

Ethical Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Ethical Energy - Essay ExampleThe paper by analyzing the advantages and limitations of renewable energy sources in relation to the other energy sources will provide the Belinean goernment the best bid, which green goddess be selected and which will be honestly apt.Any organization will mainly be judged by the success it achieves. Judged in the sense, the company will be appreciated, feted, discouraged, hated etc, etc by the success or the need of success (failure), they get. In todays world, the success of a company is mostly correlated with its acquisition in the form high profits, maximum market shargon, etc. Even though this perspective is not at all wrong, the bone of contention is, how a company achieves those positive things. Whether, they achieve through ethical means or by the ways of fraud, illegality, etc? The primary focus of any organization is to give a clean management based on preset ethics. If the management and the employees of the company are ethically perfect, they will exhibit good discipline, hard work and thus high productivity. Companies that do not have straitlaced ethics procedures risk severe damage to their reputation, criminal/legal action and regulatory penalties. The consequences could include going of customers, reduced share price (Advice on management).This ethical concept applies to energy companies as well. Countries all over the world are facing energy shortages due to the rhytidoplasty demands brought on by the raising population, raising industrialization or raising commercialization. Because of these energy shortages, countries and various government organizations as well private organizations are exploring various options to tap and collect or produce energy. But the catch is, energy organizations while cornering on the energy options should need to focus more(prenominal) on the ethical aspects, giving equal or more importance than the economical aspects. This is a key aspect for energy companies because the vario us energy sources

Results And Conclusion of Research Process Essay

Results And Conclusion of Research Process - Essay ExampleSince these sources of in data formation argon in truth reliable, they give the actual situation of the issue of teenage motherhood (Nicoletti 2004). This data is indeed apply to develop other better programs that will make teenage pregnancy a thing of the historic and help in alleviating poverty among the American population. One of the steps apply in ensuring the safety of the subjects touch on in this research was through ensuring that the questionnaires they filled were anonymous. They were also informed of the potential risks and dangers that they had in participating in the study. One of the risk factor could be that the information they gave out could be accessed by other persons (Nicoletti 2004). They were granted details involving the research in full including the intention of carrying out the study and how the information they gave could be employ. The subjects were then required to sign a voluntary informe d consent. The measure of reliability and validity of the data obtained was utilize made through the use of various abbreviation tools. Since the information was obtained from whole population, it was believed to valid since it was completely representative. For the vicenary data, various calculations such as the means, variance and standard deviation were carried out to measure its reliability. However, since the research was manly qualitative, reliability was ensured through the observation of the data sets. The subjects were also given two similar tests at incompatible times and the scores from these test correlated using various correlation measures. This being mainly a qualitative study, data analysis was mainly aimed at giving deeper insight into the study by presentation patterns. Qualitative data also gives details of information that cannot be represented in numerical format such as feelings, behavior and attitude. It also opens the topic to greater areas which may be considered in coming(prenominal) studies. It also helps in the simulation of the unique personal experiences which can help in understanding why people act or behave in the way they do (Neinstein 2008). This also help to continue prejudgment making the data collected from the research more reliable. In this study, the method of analysis that was used was deductive approach. The research was conducted based on various theories that have been developed about teenage pregnancy. young pregnancy is a topic that has attracted the attention of many scholars leading to the development of various theories regarding tit. This research used the theories and information obtained previously on this topic to analyze the data obtained from this research. This has been very effective because it made it soft for new information on the topic to be realized. The inducive approach would not have been very effective for this study since it works well on research areas which have been remotely resea rched on. Using inductive approach on this topic would have a lower success rate of adding new information to this area which has already been widely researched on. The data analysis procedure involved the comparing of teen pregnancy data from different countries in Europe and America. This helped in answering the research question on whether the rate of teenage pregnancy in high in America compared to other countries. It also involved the analysis of the program that have been instituted at the state level such as sex

OOO Et Al V. Commissioner of Metropolitan Police 2011 Essay

OOO Et Al V. Commissioner of Metropolitan practice of law 2011 - Essay ExampleThe verdict was that the officers acting as agents of the defendant, had neglected the aspects of investigating on the append of contention. The issue of contention involved the claims of human trafficking as well as the duties and the powers of the guard. The issue involved the claim that the claimants had been unfastened to degrading, inhuman treatment, besides being held under servitude and forced compliance. Following the suit, each of the claimants was awarded a cash vengeance of 5,000 as non-pecuniary compensation (Benitez et al. 2010). Discussion The case in question was the first of its kind, to be heard in England and the South Whales, especiall(a)y due to its scope. The case was questioning the scope of the duties and obligations of police officers, with regard to investigating account instances of the violations of article 3 and 4 of the ECHR. The case involved the abuse faced by four-spot Nigerian women, previously trafficked into the U.K, while still below the age of eighteen to be used for domestic servitude. The four women had brought a claim against the commissioner of police in charge of the Metropolis, demanding compensation for the failure of carrying out investigations into the intelligence of the cases presented to the police years back, regarding the illegal trafficking and forced servitude at North London. The Metropolitan Police Unit consented of having received the reports of the recess of the human rights of the four women, as per the provisions of article 3 and 4 of the ECHR. However, the Metropolitan Police gainsay the fact that the officers had gaped the rights of the claimants, as a result of their failure to investigate the authenticity of the claims of the four women. However, there was no question regarding whether the duty to investigate was demanded under articles 3 and 4 of the ECHR, but, whether the failure to investigate constituted the breach of the duty (Williams & U.N. General Assembly 1981). In deciding the breach to act on the cases of the women, Mr. Williams evaluated in dilate the evidence provided and the background information offered by the four women and other present witnesses. These witnesses included the police unit, and all the police officers engaged in the reporting of the matter or involved in evaluating the cases of the four women at some point in time. One of the claimants had also challenged the Metropolitan Police Service to offer her vengeance damages amounting to ?25,000, to which they consented. The system of macrophages also expressed regret to her, over their failure to offer the basic standards in examining the circumstances surrounding her plight, which she had reported at the Southgate police station in 2004. Mr. William also considered the conditions surrounding the cases of the deuce-ace other Nigerian women who were not party to the ?25,000 case claiming that they had undergo ne similar human rights abuse, and had reported the issues to the police. The police had do nothing about their cases (Ovey &White 2006). In the same case, in November 2008 the four claimants had ordered their solicitor to consultation the MPS, requiring them to carry out criminal investigations into the case, against the people involved in the abuse of the claimants. In December 2008, the MPS consented to the responsibility of undertaking the investigation into the issues surrounding the human rights abuse of the four. According to the case, it was confirmed that

Data-Collection Method Comparison-Sheila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Data-Collection Method Comparison-Sheila - Essay ExampleThe information is collected directly from the celestial sphere that enables the research to draw accurate and reliable conclusions.Both of them are usually constructed into culture of a give society and provide information from the ancient times to the current periods and must be interpreted by the tec for a good conclusion to be arrived at.However, artifacts are more honest than the stories. This is because in artifacts the researcher views for her/himself and can identify the hidden meaning (Goertz, & Mahone, 2012). On the other hand, stories can sometimes be make up that suits the researchers and at times the participant may lie. This provides false data that compromises the research.Both the criteria try to try information from a position source to a particular problem. They are methods of inquiry into a particular study regarding a research problem. The data must be then analyzed for interpretation.Never the less, pri mary quill data uses firsthand information from the field and can be used for comprehensive analysis. They are through to acquire new solutions to a particular problem and interact with the participant directly (Tracy, 2013). However, secondary data secondary data uses already stored data to improve on the existing analysis, or for references purposes and do not meet with the participant.Both methods involve direct actions of the researcher and the responded hence obtains first hand information. This ensures actions such biasness lies and unfaithful informations are minimized hence ensuring an honest data. Furthermore, both the interview and observations must state the responded of their presence, intentions and how they would involve them in the study if they are to succeed in the study (Tracy, 2013).Interviews are usually head structured that provides an easier way to collect data from the field. The questions are made simple and clear.

Was the Cultural Revolution 'Mao's Revolution' Essay

Was the heathenish mutation Maos Revolution - Essay ExampleThis revolution has been named sometimes as Maos Revolution owe to the fact that Mao Zedong was the initiator of this revolution and ruled the country through this period (Macfarquhar & Schoenhals 2006). The Cultural Revolution is correctly referred to as the Maos Revolution because it was Zedong who started this revolution and he used his tactics to baffle this revolution to attain back his power and strength in the Chinese communistic Party. Mao lift to power mainly following the Second World War. He headed the Chinese Communist Party and he was a strict follower of Communism. Zedong was the one who declared the formation of the Peoples Republic of chinaware in 1949. The failure of the Great Leap Forward which was a program put forward by Zedong persuaded him to engender up with a better strategy to make his stand to a greater extent powerful in the party. The Great Leap Forward was a step to improve the agricultural and industrial sector of mainland China but it had rather produced a negative result by leading to famine and the loss of legion(predicate) lives. Losses were also faced in both the industrial and agricultural sector. This produced a setback in the political career of Zedong. Liu Shaoqi and his lieutenant Deng Xiaoping were given greater importance in the party and this pressed Mao to come up with a new strategy which was the Cultural Revolution (Meisner 1999 Spence 1999). Mao Zedong was of the belief that the Chinese Communist Party had lost its original essence and its principles had been contaminated with the capitalist thoughts and acts. This was another factor which led him to push for the Cultural Revolution. Mao also argued that the society was also losing the communist path and capitalism had started to build its grow in the Chinese Society. He argued that the rich people were living their expensive lifestyles at the expense of the securely work of the poor farmers. He was of the opinion that China was moving back to its class system and thereof he assessed that he had to target the younger generation for the commencement of this revolution. Mao believed that the younger generation had not been infiltrated with the capitalist thoughts and manipulation of their thinking in favor of communism would result in bringing nearly a change and a revolution. This led to the beginning of the Cultural Revolution by the youth in the year 1966. This revolution was thoroughly based on the thoughts and the opinions of Zedong. His personal, as swell up as political motives, convinced(p) him to start this revolution and thus, it is correctly known as Maos Revolution (Meisner 1999 Spence 1999). The students formed groups in the year 1966 beginning from the Beijing University. They were referred to as the Red Guards. They asked for Maos signal and when he authorize they started functioning on the national level. Millions of supporters joined the Red Guards and t heir main aim was to teach politicians as well as the other people to let go of capitalist policies. In 1966, a mass cheers and supporting for Mao was shown in Beijing. This really explained a very important fact that this revolution was more about Mao and his opinions and not about what the Chinese Communist Party considered as a whole. It was initially believed that the functioning of the Red Guards would stay peaceful but this route was not followed for long.

Weekly current event 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Weekly authoritative event 2 - Essay Examplehis collections, we see humour, the impertinence, the tendency to explode myths, and the manipulation of pop iconography any that we knew to be part of the labels founder Franco Moschino spirit and designs, commented Raffaello Napoleon, Chief executive officer of Pitti Immagine. on that point is also uniqueness in his work. He has ultra-sensor focused in the current times in the way he combines fabrics and materials, the best types because his designs are luxurious.The Womenswear presentations from doubting Thomas Tait have been named as one of the events not to miss during the capital of the United Kingdom Fashion Week. It brings out the unexpected use of volumes and the devotion to design. This gave him an offer to express his creativity in Florence.Thomas Tait addresses various issues in the globe with his collections. He says that a fashion designer should always keep things off-balance, fissure buyers what they need and most impor tantly one should offer things inside and out which is crucial for the fashion macrocosm and media. Many fashion designers may lack the viewpoint and vision that may not be level-headed for the fashion business. Fashion should bring out the originality and should also be full of

Infrastructure Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

stand Management - Essay ExampleIn the technological world all odds have been met to hear ease is experienced in spreading and accessing tuition. study and Communication Technologies (ICT) is one field that has made culture flow smooth and more efficient. Literature Review In the Business world, ICT has enhanced the possibilities of entrepreneurs to keep on the battle for survival in this competitive atomic number 18na (Apellt, 1999). New mechanisms of accessing new market and the needed information from far distances with continuous knowledge gain is an advantage of dependable ICT employment. Additionally, the information between different organizations becomes real-time which tends to enhance the relationship between the customers and the organization. ICT is also the key factor to enabling business people set immediate feedback from their customers and use it as a way of indentifying their strong and weak points. The feedbacks from the customers also help in noticing the changes of demand, preferences and new market by an organization. ICT in companies or organizations is one platform that has to be closely monitored to crack the best of it is achieved. IT professionals are employed in these areas to ensure that each and every required data from the networks is sufficiently reliable and available. In big companies, different departments are interconnected (intranet) to ensure much is shared and creates the practical(prenominal) company of working from different offices (European commission, 2000). The intranet is established through local area networking or wireless networking. Information flow within a company is determined by how the ICT infrastructures are laid and managed. This infrastructure depends on a companys customization but the general overview of this would involve clients, routers, bridges, master of ceremoniess and virtual firewalls then the web. The client connects to the server through a router or a bridge the server accepts the request and sends back the requested data. If a client needs to connect to the internet, the server will send the request through the firewall to the worldwide web. The instant replay path will be the same i.e. web-firewall-server client through the router. This brings us to common point in noting that, if a company properly utilizes the potentials presented by the ICT sector, then supply, customers and knowledge enhancement will be well managed. Statement of the Problem If we now analyze this scenario using Global Water Company, we nonplus that the information carry are mostly utilize for communication within the regional locations. The companys three locations namely, southwesterly Africa, United Kingdom and United States only communicate using the public networks. This seems to do no good to internal and external communications of the company. We are also quick to note that the rapid growth in the global business has made the communications here more difficult and unreliabl e in this company. Moreover, we find that the South African division is the most clogged with a max of 300 clients being used by 400 workers. West Bromwich in UK also rags behind in efficiency since 200 computers are being used by 350 people. This is a great loop hole in the company in trying to keep up with the pace of the competitive world. The management has also come to its senses and noted the exist that the poor ICT structure is bringing to the company. Thanks to the management, the much required platform in gearing up

Lessons of the Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lessons of the Cold War - Essay ExampleNotably, the leaders from some(prenominal) sides changed after a year of the war, but the war continued. Cold war led three important political blocks globally the pro-America policies, the pro-Soviet Union policies, and the nations that never supported either side. In fighting the war, the first death chair of the United States into the war, President Harry Truman used a doctrine that was referred to the Truman Doctrine (Carafano, Cox, and Rosenzweig 64). In his doctrine, Truman supported socialism effectively. This made him take control over Greece and Turkey. Additionally, the United States used the Marshall plan that strengthen the organization and economies of the countries within Western Europe. The main reason why the atomic war occurred despite the presence of nuclear weapons in Cuba was that the Soviet United concord to remove them after the United States had detected their presence. Additionally, both sides agreed to end or ban their nuclear weapon tests above the ground, in space, and under water (Carafano, Cox, and Rosenzweig 231). there was further ban of deployment and testing of the long distance missiles. Despite the series of agreements, the United States was seen as the superior of the war since during the war it formed ally with numerous, powerful nations and supported numerous other nation that strengthened it support. Moreover, it international or foreign policies seemed to have worked well for it. Though it seems too difficult to achieve, the United States should object at seeking allies with some Muslim world.

To what extent are football violence and sectarianism linked Essay

To what close ar football game violence and sectarianism linked - Essay ExampleIn Scotland, sectarianism takes the gain of political sectarian rivalry and religious sectarian rivalry which occurs between Catholics and Protestants. Sectarianism is clear in football clubs such as the fierce rivalry between Celtic football club and Rangers football club. Discussion Sectarianism According to Murray (2000), sectarianism in the Scottish football arises from offensive behaviours on the pitch. The behaviours overwhelm expression of religious, social, political and racial incitement. This aspect may occur between players of two contend teams or among the fans. The behaviour of managers and players influences sectarianism whereby, players may receive influence from the manager who is in rivalry with the manager of the opposing team (Murray, 2000). This implies that the players will consider the opposing team as a rival, not just in the football contest, but also in the physical sense. Th e managers play a vital role in ensuring that there is no sectarianism among players since they are the role models of the players. Sectarianism may also occur during the publicize of a couple on where the commentary may use sectarian terms and incite the fans. The commentators consent personalized beliefs and interest. Their interests may be on one team compared to the other team this implies that, in their commentary, they will prefer one team jumper cable to rivalry between the two teams. Sectarianism in a immense perspective may lead to threats of solemn harm, which intend to cause fear and alarm to an opposing team. To tell the rivalry that one team has over the other, there is the use of implied threats such as images that depict sombre harm such as bullets and threats that incite religious hatred (Murray, 2000). In the Scottish football, many deaths and assaults have occurred and have a direct link on sectarian tension within the nation. Such assaults leading to deat h occur before or after a football match featuring rivalry teams. Sectarianism, which is enter among the old Firms in Scotland, occurs due to religious conflicts where some of the teams identify themselves as Catholics while the rest, which constitute a small percentage, are protestant and are from the rival team as seen in the study conk of Ward & Williams (2010). Sectarianism is openly demonstrated where some clubs put up the Union flag on their pitches while some put up Irish tricolored flags. The clubs, which demonstrate Catholic faith, sign players who are Catholics. This applies to Protestants who do not allow Catholics to play for their club such as Rangers football club. Though many researchers beseech that football is not the main cause of sectarianism in the Scottish football, there is evidence to shew that sectarianism is until now rampant among many fans as seen in the research work of Potter & Jones (2008). Sutherland (2012) states in his research studies that polit ics plays a considerable role in promoting sectarianism around Scotland. This is because influential politicians are supporters of some teams. If an influential politician supports a club while the rival politician supports another club, it implies that the supporters of the antithetical politicians will become rivals not just on the pitch but also outside the football pitch. Football violence This is the act where the fans or the players turn against each other during a football match leading to destruction of property and injuries of people.

Outline attempts to halt their decline Essay Example for Free

Outline attempts to obturate their decline EssaySuggest why conventional seaside quickens in numerous MEDCs have declined in the last 30 years. Outline attempts to halt their decline. Over the past 30 years the state of many seaside restores in the UK and some another(prenominal) MEDCs has been in as tourist numbers in destinations drop, the income of an area begins to get and the multiplier effect from visitors stops, leading the whole area to suffer economic decline. Tourists are now travel to cheaper LEDC resorts such as Northern Africa and Eastern Europe after suffering destination fatigue with traditional spend resorts, example of a UK seaside resort in decline if Whitley Bay, Tyne and Wear. According to Butlers tourism model Whitley bay is in a state of sustained decline which is represented in its derelict hotels, arcades in a condition of disrep mien and the vandalised and almost ruin-like remains of The Spanish City a one time busy amusement park in the area . As the resorts became more and more popular, more and more tribe came. This cease lead to plusd conflict between topical anesthetics and tourists. It in addition means that the resorts are such(prenominal) more crowded and noisier as well as at that place universe a visual sense more litter.This puts multitude off going if they want a quieter holiday and means they will travel to the less(prenominal) popular, much quieter LEDC holiday resorts. When you think of a tradition British seaside resort you picture crowded beaches, emit children, buckets and spades, candy floss and donkey rides. People were able to escape from their on the job(p) lives to experience the fresh air and relaxed atmosphere in places such as Bournemouth and Brighton. Blackpool was as well as a popular resort and, after the railroad line arrived in 1846, Blackpool became easily accessible and became even more thriving after the arrival of cars and coaches.By 1980 it was attracting oer a million visitors e actually year. This is the same for a lot of seaside resorts. However, not many population like to go to crowded places for their holidays. Much of the decline has been blamed on the expansion of mass afield tourism to locations popularised by tour operators through package holiday marketing, including the expansion of charter flights. They are considered to be better value for money with better facilities and guaranteed sunshine in a more exotic location.With the increase in transport e. g. planes, Eurostar, trains, bus tours and increased car ownership, populate can travel further for their holidays and and then look to the more upstage, unexplored places for their holidays which have less people and therefore less litter, less people i. e. less noise pollution and sometimes less traffic. This makes their holiday more relaxing and quiet just now also means they have much more room to spread out and relax and can find a place on the beach without being too crowded .More flexible working hours along with more disposable income means that people can afford to go the more remote areas and often the more expensive such as safaris in Africa and tend to go on day trips or long weekends to seaside resorts in MEDCs. LEDCs tend to be on the word of honor a lot more as well and with increased knowledge about the less economically developed countries people like to go on holiday there to spend time on the remote, empty beaches and to find out more about the culture there.Also, LEDCs include places such as Africa, Asia and other countries with a much better climate and hot weather nearly all year more or less which attracts many people each year who go to top up their tans. There are also more cruise liners around now which means that more people go on cruises to be near the sea rather that to the beach. There is also an increase in urban tourism means people travel to the cities rather than to the beach to explore an areas culture and an increase in eco tourism and leisure tourism with more people travelling to theme parks than to the coast.Seaside resorts also declined due to activities and industries such as fishing, mineral extraction and shipbuilding also going into decline. And which visitors love the puritanic piers and promenades this is expensive for local authorities to upkeep and they get little commercial return because its justify to walk down the pier Flood defence and coastal erosion are also very expensive and mean that the government has little money to spend on the resort itself leaving it to go downhill.Package holidays, and later budget airlines, provided major competition but the real problem was the seaside resorts were principally Victorian and after the war they had a huge surge in carry which exceeded supply. A lot of resorts got complacent and thought the visitors would al ways come because they had been since the 1870s. The high-earners went overseas in the 60s and the resorts responded by going do wnmarket and slap-up prices, and the spiral of decline began. One of the towns which endured a typically tough experience was Morecambe in Lancashire. The town fought a losing battle in the 70s when package holidays really took off.Initially Morecambe lost many of its tourist attractions and the guest houses off-key into houses of multiple occupation filled with benefits claimants. With less attractions and competition from the likes of Blackpool, by the 90s Morecambe could hardly be called a resort any more. Boarded-up shops, hotels and houses were evident, plot of ground petty crime and vandalism became rife and a BB ghetto for people on benefits grew up. Those problems still exist but thanks to the regeneration initiatives things are changing and people want to live there again and the future looks bright.Morecambe still has thousands of visitors every year and is marketing itself as a place for bird-watching, while many parts of the town have been remodelled through multimil lion-pound schemes. While social and economic problems still bear elsewhere, there are reasons for optimism. In Skegness the daytripping, self-catering and short breaks market is still strong, while efforts are being make to extend the holiday season. And in Rhyl, a ? 3. 8m project called Drift Park, with its five themed gardens and open air theatre, has inhabitants lustrous things are on the up.These are just some of the things being put in place in order to bring tourists back to the coast. Much more money is being pumped into the coast in order to improve the areas and encourage people back. Many more theme parks are being introduced near the coast and many more hotels and places to stay. Some resorts have been able to compensate to some period by expanding and developing other functions such as office and light industry development, expansion of high education institutions and their growing function as retirement towns.The most successful of these have been coast resorts suc h as Bournemouth and Brighton which are within easy access of London. Others, such as resorts like Skegness and Scarborough are less accessible and have less potential to attract much alternative growth. These resorts depend on appoint aid and their own initiatives to reverse the decline in tourism. E. g. in 1992 three smaller resorts collaborated with certain other European resorts to establish the restore project, backed by European Commission money. Experiences have been pooled and ways of regenerating coastal resorts explored.This has been followed up by the Resort Regeneration Pilot Project covering selected resorts such as the small resorts of Redcar and Saltburn on the North Yorkshire Coast and the wider region of the Costa Brava in Spain. There must(prenominal) be a well thought out strategic plan at local and regional level to cover the long and short term. Regeneration will require extensive refurbishment and cornerstone improvement in the resort itself and additional l eisure and recreational activities currently in popular demand such as theme parks, heritage and nature trails.There is greater need to attract more short break visitors. There is some evidence of resort regeneration. Brighton for example is regarded as having reinvented itself by upgrading trying on and facilities, promoting itself as a centre for market day trips and as a national and international concourse centre. In conjunction with the local authorities, North West Water Authority have undertaken a swooning up of the coastal stretch fronting Blackpool, while, with the help of a government grant of ?21 million, Blackpools local council has undertaken a major refurbishment of the Central Promenade as well as trying to market its traditional character to overseas tourists. Resorts with little else to offer beyond seaside tourism have essay to highlight their advantages for the traditional family seaside holiday while at the same time updating and widening their image by addin g more modern recreational facilities and promoting the green tourism and historical attractions of the rural and vestigial coastal areas around.While to some extent recent trends would support the view that seaside towns are a national resource and do have a future, given the large number of alternative holiday venues abroad and a continues fall in real costs of overseas travel, the traditional seaside resort is unlikely to regain its former position as a magnet for mass domestic tourism.

Scavenger Hunt Essay Example for Free

packrat Hunt Essay1. What is the instructors be in possession of (spelling counts)? Where did the instructor go to college? The instructors name is Jane Smith.2. What is the instructors email address to be used for questions and submission of projects?3. What solar twenty-four hour period(s) of each week argon Chapter homework assignments always imputable? Chapter homework assignments argon always due on Thursdays and Sundays. Furthermore, discussions are due every Tuesday.4. What is the time deadline (hourminutes, AM or PM) for the Portal assignments to be submitted? Homework is due at 10 PM. 5. On Canvas, under Navigating the Portal, what are the two Cautions that are listed? The portal times out after 2 hours so students need to save their homework as they go along to ensure their progress isnt lost. Students shouldnt use their mouse ball to scroll down the page because it may lead them to the fit firmness of purpose of a different section.6. What are the days, experie nces, times and room numbers of all of the assays held on campus? The warrant exam is on Wednesday February 20th in room N201. It will be from 530-730 pm. The last(a) exam is on Monday March 18th in room R110. It will be from 530-730 pm.7. What are the three projects and when are they due (day, date, and time)? The first is the Data Analysis project which is due on January 26th, 2013 at 10 PM. The second project is the Correlation and Regression project due on February 16th, 2013 at 10 PM.8. How should the projects be submitted? Be specific about the requirements. The projects should be submitted by email to emailprotected In the issue line, students must include their name and the title of the project. None of the projects can besubmitted through canvas.9. What is the last day (date) to withdraw from this course with a W printed on your transcript? Please tell both the date for in-person withdrawal and the date for online withdrawal. The last day to withdraw from this course wi th a W on your transcript is February 15th, 2013 in person and February seventeenth, 2013 online.10. What do you do if you cant take a bear witness on campus? Be very specific about the process, the possibilities for proctors, and when the test must be taken. Students who are uneffective to take a test on campus need to alert the instructor at least 10 days before the test, and must have a proctor and suitable location. Proctors may be come out of the Bellevue College staff, clergy, etc. Under no circumstances can a proctor be a family member. Without 10 days notice, students are expected to be on campus on the day of the test. Proctored exams must be administered the day of, or before, the test is given.11. Two provezes will be given. What is the due date and time for each quiz and which chapters are being tested for each? From the time that you open the quiz, how many minutes to do you have to submit the quiz? The first quiz is on February 17th and covers chapters 1-13. The se cond is on March 17th and covers chapters 1-19. We are given 60 minutes to complete each quiz.12. Locate the calculator instructions on Canvas for computing a normal distribution and compute the following normalcdf(129, 148, 132, 12), rounding appropriately to 4 decimal places. The answer is 0.5075.13. Examine the Chapter 14 Homework on the Portal. List the 4 steps complex in doing a hypothesis test?1. accede the alternative and null hypothesis.2. State the type of test administered, such as a z-test or t-test. Then, give the value of the test statistic (T=____ or Z= ____)3. State the P value and alpha level.4. Use two sentences for the conclusion. In the first sentence, state whether or not you reject the null hypothesis. In the second sentence, state what the test measured.14. What is the phone number for the Stats Portal ease Line? The phone number is 1-800-936-689915. Canvas contains study questions for each chapter. Locate the study questions for chapter 4 what is the answe r to 1? The answer is r=.931416. How many submissions are allowed for Exercises? How many submissions are allowed for Post Tests? Two submissions are allowed for exercises and only one submission is allowed for post-tests.17. How many points will you mystify on the Scavenger Hunt if prevail all questions correct. How many points will be deducted for each question missed?If all questions are correct, you receive 50 points. You lose 10 points for each incorrect answer.18. Canvas contains practice exams and answers. What is the answer to question 6 on the Chapters 1, 2 and 3 practice exam? The answer isMean=120 Standard divergence=819. On Canvas, Navigating Stats Portal gives you helpful information about the Portal site. What should you do if you are fetching longer than 2 hours to complete an exercise? You should save your answers periodically so that they do not name erased.20. If you find that you are struggling to understand the material in this course, name four resources th at BC or the instructor offers to help you be successful in the course. Four resources available are the math lab, Stats Tutors, Applets, scranch It, and Statistical Videos.

The Character of Uncle Tom Essay Example for Free

The Character of Uncle gobbler EssayHarriet Beecher Stowes novel Uncle turkey cocks Cabin do such a momentous statement in American culture, at the time it was published, until today, in the twenty-first century. Some secondary schools had the book banned from their roster of books in their libraries, mainly because of its supposedly controversial spirit (The fortissimo of ,2008). The reason why the book has been the root of much controversy is that Ms. Stowe injected a lot of melodrama into her story, to the peak that readers considered it a caricature of reality. Some of Ms.Stowes detractors contend that she did not sufficiently show the real execration of striverry, nevertheless instead, narrating the softer aspect of buckle d letry in her novel (The long suit of ,2008). Published in the early 1850s, Uncle toms Cabin was said to oblige contributed to the tension in America over buckle downry, and encouraged the emancipationist movement (The strength of ,2008). Ab olitionists are those who fought for the abolition of slavery in America. Ms. Stowe was said to be a womanhood who was involved in religious and feminist causes (The strength of ,2008). Ms.Stowes influence on the American northerly states was undisputed. In fact, Uncle tom turkeys Cabin was said to have led to Civil War (The strength of ,2008). It is often reported that Ms. Stowes purpose in writing the novel was to expose the evils of slavery in the North, where many Americans were not aware of what was actually going on in the rest of their country (The strength of ,2008). The book, amazingly successful by selling 300,000 copies in its first year, inspired President Lincoln, upon meeting Ms. Stowe, to say, So this is the little lady who made this big war (The strength of,2008). Uncle turkey cocks Cabin 4 Despite this, many historians complain that Ms. Stowes novel is historically inaccurate, and that Ms. Stowe grossfully exaggerated the evils in slavery so she can drive home he r point. These issues remain largely debated, except for oneness. The character of Uncle tom has been detrimentally re-create a hundred times over, and in this paper, I will explore the character behind Uncle Tom, and why it has become what it is in todays times. Uncle Tom has been charged with demeaning African Americans with his as well subservient behavior (The strength of ,2008).Modern times have derided Uncle Tom, and insist that his nature undermines the real struggles of shameful unaffixeddom through with(predicate) ingratiating himself with their tweed overseers and master. Ironically, I believe that Ms. Stowe created Uncle Tom to illustrate the atrociousness and inclemency of slavery during those times, and packaging Uncle Tom into a person filled with humility, dignity and ingrained with a strong, Christian religion (Page, 1996). Up until he drew his dying breath, Uncle Tom showed to be morally superior to his white masters by his ability to forgive those who had abused him to the point of death (Page, 1996). Let me introduce you to Uncle Tom.He is one of the long-suffering slaves of Arthur and Emily Shelby, and a dear friend of their very young son, George, who called him Uncle Tom. Faced with the possibility of losing their set up because of debts, the Shelbys decide to sell Tom, and the son of Mrs. Shelbys maid, Harry. When the maid, Eliza, finds out most this, she avoidances with her son (Allen, 2008). Tom was interchange and while traveling on a riverboat, she rescues a white girl, Eva, when she falls into the river. Her father, Augustine St. Clare, bought Tom from the slave monger Uncle Toms Cabin 5 and took him to live on their plantation in New Orleans.Meanwhile, Eliza met up with her fugitive husband, George, in an attempt to reach Canada. At that time, they were being hunted by a slave trader named Loker, whom George eventually shoots in a scuffle. Eliza convinced George to bring the wounded Loker to a Quaker resoluteness nea rby, for medical attention (Allen, 2008). In New Orleans, St. Clare tries to prove to his cousin Ophelia that bias against blacks were wrong, and buys a young slave, Topsy, for Ophelia to educate. Eva dies of a protracted illness, and she shared a vision of heaven in her deathbed. People who heard her account changed for the better, and St.Clare vowed to free Uncle Tom. Before he can do so, St. Clare is fatally wounded in a fight. In anger, his married woman sold Uncle Tom to a vicious Northern farm owner, Simon Legree (Allen, 2008). Uncle Tom endured endless tortures from Legree, specially when he refused to whip a fellow slave. Tom found refuge in his Christian faith, which he liberally comfortablenessed the other slaves with. At one point, Uncle Tome refused to divulge to Legree where two fugitive slaves had run to, so Legree ordered him killed. Before he died, Uncle Tom forgave his killers, who, humbled by the experience, became Christians.Arthur Shelbys son comes to buy Uncl e Tom his freedom, but was too late. George went home to his own farm, frees all his slaves, and reminds them to remember Uncle Toms sacrifices and his unwavering faith in Christianity (Allen, 2008). Ms. Stowe described Uncle Tom as benevolent, human body, humble and simple (Willis, 2002). Of course, the white masters did everything to destroy a slaves dignity and self-respect (Willis, 2002). Nevertheless, Uncle Tom kept his morality, and was transparent Uncle Toms Cabin 6 about yearning for freedom. This transparency and honesty is NOT the behavior of asubservient slave, who would not hold up to venture his desires for freedom, even to a kind master (Willis, 2002). It is high time we re-think Uncle Tom. We should pay tribute to the deepness of Uncle Toms character, rather than degrade him into an epithet. This development in latter times of deriding Uncle Tom is perchance one of the most harmful and tragic historical developments in American culture (Allen, 2008). Despite the brutality in his life as a slave, Uncle Tom stood tall at all times. Sometimes, Uncle Tom would reprimand readers because of his corkingness. In fact, Uncle Tom couldve run away from Arthur Shelby who trusted him with money.Yet, Uncle Tom never took advantage of Shelby, because of his deep-seated commitment to his master (Willis, 2002). In the novel, Ms. Stowe does not provide a background on Uncle Tom. Therefore, one doesnt come whether his allegiance to Shelby was something that was inculcated with him since childhood if he was born in the Shelby plantation (Willis, 2002). However, it is implied in the story that Shelbys address of freedom to Uncle Tom could have made Uncle Tom loyal, although Shelby never confirms when he will free Uncle Tom (Willis, 2002). Shelby even betrays Tom by selling him when he ran into debt (Willis, 2002).No matter what, Uncle Tom still continue to trust white people, and trust in God. Many readers disliked this behavior (Willis, 2002). Speaking of faith, Uncle Toms unwavering faith was put to the test when St. Clare sold him to Legree. Even though Uncle Tom maintained his loyalty and faithfulness to his master, he did contemplate about escaping (Willis, 2002). To note, escape for Uncel Uncle Toms Cabin 7 Tom was not exactly in the physical sense of escape, but in spiritual escape (Willis, 2002). On the other hand, Legree realized that Uncle Tom was a valu able-bodied slave who had capacities for large amounts of work.At the analogous time, Legree to a fault recognized that he would have to break Uncle Toms spirit at some point, if he were to maximize Uncle Toms value (Willis, 2002). To recall, during their first confrontation, Legree ordered Uncle Tom to whip a slave girl. Uncle Tom refused by honestly telling Legree that his soul will not surrender to a pernicious (Willis, 2002). He even egged on Legree by saying that if he died as a result of beatings, hence that would just send him faster to heaven (Willis, 2002). This illustrates that Uncle Tom has been contemplating death, and ultimate escape from slavery.He was pragmatic about Legree, though, and knew with a certainty that Legree will not have second thoughts about killing him for resisting (Willis, 2002). A lowest confrontation yet occurs between Legree and Uncle Tom, when the former asked Uncle Tom to divulge where two runaway slave girls have gone to (Willis, 2002). Ms. Stowe reiterated that as two slaves brought Uncle Tom before Legree, Uncle Tom acknowledged the power of Legree. Yet, at the same time, he affirmed that God gave him the strength to face death, rather than be traitor to the two mixed-up runaways Legree was after (Willis, 2002).He sat his basket down by the row, and, looking up, said, Into thy hands I retrieve my spirit Thou hast redeemed me, oh Lord God of truth (Willis, 2002) Like Jesus Christ, Uncle Tom resigned to his faith to Legree. Legree symbolizes the Uncle Toms Cabin 8 evils of slavery, while Uncle Tom can be lik ened to the garden angelica who resisted Satans temptations (Willis, 2002). Through this moments, Uncle Toms courage, nobility and humility surfaces when he tells Legree that he is able to shed his blood for the sake of the innocent in the sameway that Jesus Christ did (Willis, 2002). Legree deals Uncle Tom his death blow. When he died, he had forgiven his killers. Uncle Tom used passive resistance to the hilt until it brought him closer to his God through death. No. Uncle Tom was not an Uncle Tom. Uncle Toms was a more puritanical kind of Christianity (The strength of ,2008). Therefore, if a reader is searching for a revolutionary role-model, someone who captains his own fate in the most shaming circumstances, then he/she will not find that hero in Uncle Tom (Younge, 2004).However, one seldom finds revolutionary role models. Uncle Toms sense of duty condescension his slavery, is depressing. When his wife urges him to escape together with Eliza, he says Masr always found me on the spot he always will. I never have broke trust and I never will (Younge, 2004). Moreover, his unwillingness to align his principles to everyones own good, is frustrating. When tempted by a slave to kill Legree while the latter was drunk, Uncle Tom said No good never comes of wickedness. Id sooner chop my right hand offUncle Toms Cabin 9 The Lord hasnt called us to wrath. We must suffer, and wait his time (Younge, 2004). Uncle Tom instilled in us his belief that he would rather wait for his true freedom in heaven, as opposed to fighting for his freedom on earth. I t is from this same well of belief is Uncle Tom able to preserve his basic humanism, despite daily exposure to degradation and deprivation of respect (Younge, 2004). It is in his stoic faith and consistency do we realize Uncle Toms integrity (Younge, 2004).Through his integrity, he was able to stand for himself, encourage and comfort his fellow slaves, yet at the same time, restrain himself from abhorring the whites (Youn ge, 2004). Hecne, to understand why this epitome of dignity, self-respect and faith has becme an epitome for subservience and betrayal, we have to look at politics, film and the theater (Younge, 2004). Stage renditions of Uncle Toms Cabin tookaway radical yet subtle anti-slave messages, turning the story into one, big, minstrel show (Younge, 2004). In fact, Uncle Tom was the first cinematic role played by a first lead in a black film in the year 1914 (Younge, 2004).

Wireless videophones Essay Example for Free

Wireless videoph iodines EssayWireless video surrounds and high-speed net profit main course are a unfeignedity with the worlds first Third Generation mobile operated, which were launched on October 1st 2001 by NTT DoCoMo in Tokyo, Japan. These has symbolized that human had enter a impertinently era in mobile network technology. set rough with the ever advancing technologies, mobile network had integrated deep into our daily life style, cater for the call for to interact among booster stations and business organizations in a more effective, efficient and convenient way.At this moment, as we are discussing, there is a lot of network companies busily preparing for 3G or the Third Generation in mobile telephone machinations. The precursors to this technology had began and entered the markets in year 2001 and 3G itself is due to come proliferated in the earnest by 2005. Singapore Telco, Singtel had announced a trail on the 3G network in spite of appearance CBD part at the d well up quarter of 2003. If 3G de startrs what the developers promise, by 2004 we kindle look at broadband speeds via our mobile phones, plus a pattern of unfermented contemporaries mobile devices that combine PC, PDA, camera, you name it, functionality.With 3G, info speeds allow for reach upwards of 2 Megabits per second (Mbps), which entrust give us high speed Web access and superlative spirit video access via our trusty mobile colloquy devices. 3G also promises roaming capability throughout Europe, Asia and North America. 3G devices testament deliver all that GPRS (General Packet Radio redevelopments) can do, except a whole lot meteoric. retributive imagine, how close to catching up with that important client who never has time for a attend to face meeting when hes in a taxi on his way to an airport at the other locating of the globe?Consider watching your favourite television programmes on the MRT on your way home from work. How about consider connecting t o your network, downloading files, transferring selective information, zipping off an e-mail? With transfer speeds of more than 2 Mbps, tasks like these can be blameless within seconds. Nokias concept team, for example, are currently considering quartette different categories for their 3G terminals Communicators These would be business tools, allowing users to quickly and efficiently log onto their networks, transfer information, wrote emails and synchronise information with conventional PC devices.Media phones These would perhaps give access to Internet run and include Personal Information Management, audio and data functions. Imaging phones Sending of photos and video clips to our friends on the other side of the world within seconds. Entertainment phones How about playing a game with friend at the other side of the globe. Or sending your distributor teams a video clip of your new office? To introduce, switch or implement a new technology can never be an easy task. It invol ved a lot of technology know how, equipments and researches. The bottom atmosphere is, a wide sum of money pull up stakes be postulate.Take for example, other than GPRS technology, some other technology result be required to kick off the 3G network system. One of them is WCDMA, or Wideband Code plane section Multiple addition, a wideband radio technique providing high data rates, and EDGE, or Enhanced selective information rates for Global Evolution, a high-speed modulation technique that triples the capacity of GPRS. The various networks cod worn out(p) a lot of money on this technology and leave spend even more beforehand the services are launched. In UK mobile networks pick up paid (22 billion just to use the required radio spectrum.According to Gartnet Dataquests survey in May 2002, Singapore leave behind spend an estimate of US$19. 9 million in 2003 and US$102. 9 million in 2004 on the WCDMA base alone. That is non all, according to reports from Europe and Japan, which had started the 3G networking, had been under a lot of criticize. Most of their problems were mainly from the handsets and the network integration. Those countries in the set for the 3G launch had been very cautious on the setup. Europe and Japan experience will serve as a guidance for their future operation. Introduction.3G radiocommunicating networks are capable of transferring data at high speeds of up to 384Kbps. Average speeds for 3G network will range between 64Kbps and 384Kbps, quite a jump when compared to common wireless data speeds in the U. S that are often slower than a 14. 4Kb modem. 3G is considered high speed or broadband mobile Internet access, and as time to come, 3G networks are expected to reach speeds of more than 2Mbps. In order to know the evolution of 3G, it might be interesting to get an idea on the register on the revolution of mobile networking . History of nomadic Networking System First Generation (1G).The first generation of mobile cellular te lecommunications system appeared in the 1980s. The first generation was non the beginning of mobile communication, as there were some(prenominal) mobile radio networks in existence before then, but they are not cellular systems. The capacity of those early networks was much lower than that of mobile networks. And the support for mobility was weak. In mobile cellular networks the c everyplaceage area is carve up into small cells, and thus the same frequencies can be employ several times in the network without disturbing interference. This increase the system capacity.The first generation used running(a) transmission techniques for traffic, which was al to the highest degree entirely voice. There was no dominant standard but several competing ones. The most successful standards were Nordic(TACS), and Advanced industrious Phone Service (AMPS). Note that although the world is now busy move into 3G networks, these first-generation networks, and m whatever existing networks are gro wing. First Generation networks ( Extract from Introduction To 3G Mobile Communication) System Countries TACS/ETACS Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, China, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Macao, Malaysia, Malta, Philippines.Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, UAE, UK AMPS Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Canada, China, Georgia, Guam, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Nauru, current Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, USA, Vietnam, Western Samoa twinkling Generation (2G), 2G evolve in the year 1991, in Finland. Second generation mobile network system use digital radio transmission. Thus the boundary line between first and second generation systems is obvious it is the analog/digital split.The second generation networks have much higher capacity than the first generation systems. One frequency channel is simultaneously div ided among several users (either by code or time division). Hierarchical cell structures- in which the service area is covered by macro and picocells enhance the system capacity even further. There are four main standards for second-generation systems, Global System for Mobile ( GSM ) communications and its derivatives, Digital AMPS (D-AMPS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA IS-95) and Personal Digital Cellular (PDC)GSM uses the 900-MHz band is by far the most successful and widely used 2G system. PDC was eventually adopted by Japan. Generation 2. 5 (2. 5G), 2. 5G is a designation that broadly includes all advanced(a) upgrades for the second generation networks. These upgrades may in fact sometimes provide almost same capabilities as the planned 3G systems. The boundary line between 2G and 2. 5G is a hazy one. It is difficult to say when a 2G becomes a 2. 5G system in a technical sense. When the wireless industry realized that it was going to be dearly-won and technologically challenging to upgrade to 3G networks, 2.5G emerged as an interim stage. These networks transfer data at speeds of up to 114Kbps, which is faster than traditional digital (2G) network. They are always on. A phone with 2. 5G services can alternate between using nets, sending or receiving test messages, and making calls without losing its society to the Internet and email. Analysis of 3G Technology In the old days, when all phones were fixed rather than mobile, making a call involved establishing a ingest electrical connection between your handset and the one you were calling. The same happens with 2G and 2.5G networks, but instead of setting up a dedicated circuit, a small portion of the airwaves are reserved for your call. This is a really uncollectible way of dividing up the available airwaves because it means that the spaces and pauses in speech get the same priority as the words. 3G networks change all this. Instead of reserving airspace each conversation is chopped up into pa ckets, each one of which is labelled with a code denoting which dialogue it is from. The wireless literate generation of today (aged 12 35) provides a snapshot of tomorrows society and its drivers.The new generation is creating new usage patterns in favour of communicate and optic content. For them, messaging e. g SMS text messaging is the most natural way of personal communication. Instant communication is about being able to create and consume content (greetings, notes, snapshots/ postcards, moving pictures, instant voicemail) on the fly, and about filling transit moments with meaningful experiences. The mobile phone has become a personal trusted device that is capable of life management and enrichment, thanks to higher data rates and evolutionary user interfaces that have increased the simplicity and usability of terminals.Traditionally the major service has been voice but there has been an evolutionary look in 3G from Short Messaging Service (SMS) to 3GPP defined Multimedi a Messaging, incorporating digital images and video clips with text or voice annotations. Industry analysts estimate that vendors are currently allocating from $200 billion in research and suppuration resources to specify, design and manufacture infrastructure for evolving 3G networks. Of the 3G licenses currently awarded, more than 90 percent of those operators have specified WCDMA as their core 3G technology.Observers point out that, given this expected dominance of WCDMA as the 3G standard, this technology will undoubtedly receive the majority of RD funding and will yield the earliest, most extensive and most reliable harvest availability. What is WCDMA? WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiplex Access (WCDMA) is the radio frequency technology indicated for all UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Services) networks, and WCDMA is widely expected to be the dominant technology for 3G networks worldwide. WCDMA supports high capacity, multiple simultaneous services and bit-rate p erformance of up to 2Mbit/s.But as a wideband (5 MHz channels) technology, WCDMA presents deployment challenges when implemented on pin up frequency allotments. When evaluating WCDMA infrastructure, operators should consider system solutions that provide well-established Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)-compatibility and that the resource allocation capabilities follow UMTS traffic class guidelines and Quality of Service attributes, allowing operators to optimize service differentiation. Modular designs allow these solutions to subdue quickly to meet escalating network traffic demands.These same design advantages will allow these WCDMA solutions to be adapt to meet the demand for location-based services, personalized messaging and packet data traffic volumes that will define the approach shot wireless IP networks. These advanced WCDMA systems will also support seamless integration with GSM networks. 3G Concepts And Technology for blood line 3G will be primarily dri ven by services and applications, not technology, although technologies such as Java, WAP, Bluetooth, SynchML and IPv6 have enabled third party application developments to meet users end-to-end service indigences and expectations.The Mobile Internet will bring an explosion in the number of new applications a 3G hypermarket of services creating new marketing and revenue channels. Few business leaders are likely to turn down an opportunity to get an free 10% of productivity from their mobile workforces, especially if it however costs a fraction of the reward. Third-generation (3G) wireless networks could urge on this kind of return on investment (ROI) by extending desktop business-application, database, and intranet access into the mobile environment.3G is an improvement over current networks, which deliver data and voice at no more than double the speed of dialup modems. The 3G infrastructure will eventually be able to transmit text, voice, video, and multimedia to a mobile han dset with an always-on connection that is five times faster than a dialup modem. Initially, data-transfer rates may only equal todays dialup modem speeds, but that is soundless fast enough to make wireless service attractive to businesses seeking efficiency gains.Japans NTT DoCoMo turned on the worlds first 3G network in October 2001. Other mobile operators are conducting 3G trials in the United States and Europe, with plans to go live this year. The challenges include the complexity and costs of upgrading carrier networks and telephone handsets to handle 3G multimedia transmissions. Companies that adopt 3G networking for their mobile workforces within the next two years should expect limited coverage areas and the typical problems associated with any emerging technology.IDC recommends that companionship executives seeking 3G wireless connectivity should decide exactly why they want the service and pinpoint the efficiency points they need in order to recoup their investment costs in less than two years. Early adopters should bill the specific benefits of connecting mobile employees-reduced paperwork, faster collection of customer data, higher accuracy-and know which group of mobile employees will get the service first and why. In Europe, if an operator does not move fast into wireless data (3G) then the market will start to move without it threatening disintermediation for the laggards.At such, licences of the wideband connection, which carry new content-rich data and video- blow services, cost up to US$10 billion in Italy and $45 billion in Germany respectively. (Source Global Telecoms Business magazine). In both Japan and Korea, there is also a significant try in the subscription in 3G mobile usage, stimulating the economic movement in the countries. In what ways can 3G networks be applied ? Application and Advantages, Multimedia Messaging Multimedia Messaging Service, or MMS, is a messaging service for the mobile environment standardized by the WAP Fo rum and 3GPP.For consumers, MMS is very similar to Short nub Service (SMS) it provides automatic, immediate delivery of user-created content sent primarily from phone to phone. MMS also provides support for email addressing, so messages can be sent to email. In addition to text, an MMS message sent to or from the Nokia 6650 phone can contain unflurried images, voice or audio clips, and video. An MMS message is a multimedia video display in one entity it is not a text file with attachments.MMS delivers a location independent, total communication experience and is a simple, logical extension of SMS, also providing a similarly solid and reliable political program on which the operator can build additional services and increase service differentiation. Rich auspicate Rich call is an audio conversation supported by concurrent access to an image or data and allows users to not only listen to what I say but also see what I mean. Multiple simultaneous media typefaces such as messagi ng, voice and video games can be started and ended separately but without the need to obtain the information first and then call back. Mobile InternetMobile Internet is not just todays internet accessed from a mobile device (although it will of course still be possible,) but instead applications will provide users with personalised, context dependent and interworking applications. The scope of these services will cover areas such as information, entertainment, travel and personal information management. galore(postnominal) will be only or partly sponsored by advertisers, be location aware and have mCommerce integration. Multimedia streaming and downloading In 3G, enhanced bandwidth capabilities and advanced terminals enable video and audio, either real time or near real time or download.Eg, two way video conferencing with audio, video streaming. Streaming Media Services Audio streaming (eg MP3) is seen as the first widespread mainstream service to generate revenue through in creased data traffic, attracting well off, music consuming and impatient twenty to thirty something generation consumers to subscribe to higher Quality of Service access. Although these services are available, to some extent, through 2. 5G terminals and networks, the bandwidth vs capacity evolution suggests that the real enabler for mass market service is WCDMA radio access.Streaming alleviates the need for a large memory resource in the terminal since only a small sample of the video or music data resides there at any one time. Copyright is also less of an issue because at no time is the entire data stored in the device. Entertainment There are two types of entertainment passive and interactive (games and media ie TV. ) Users will be able to connect to online multi platform gaming experiences or download, try out and purchase games. Handsets will allow inter operability though WAP, GPRS, Java and Symbian OS, making play possible across handset manufacturers.3G Problems and Disadv antages, As we have mentioned earlier on, 3G is not flawless. Japan NTT was hit with the lack of delicated applications written for broadband speeds of 384 Kbps and handsets were designed for voice-centric application. Many people had to carry 2 handsets to ensure national coverage. Handset Problems, all the extra tasks will charge something of a burden on the handset. At the moment screens on phones are small, they are difficult to type or get data into and they typically only work with one mobile phone technology.

Handstar Inc Essay Example for Free

Handstar Inc EssayHandstar Inc. was take a leakd a slender over four years ago by two college roommates to develop software applications for handheld cypher devices. It has since grown to ten employees with yearly gross revenue approaching $1. 5 million. Handstars original harvest-tide was an cost report application that al small-scaleed wontrs to record expenses on their handheld computers and then import these expenses into a spreadsheet that then create an expense report in one of five standard formats.Based on the success of its outset product, Handstar subsequently developed three additional software products a computer programme for tracking and measuring the cognitive process of investment portfolios- a calendar program, and a program that allowed occasionrs to download their email messages from their PC and read them on their handheld computers. The two founders of Handstar have recently become concerned about the competitiveness of their offerings, particularl y since no(prenominal) of them has been updated after their initial launch.Therefore, they asked the directors of product outgrowth and trade to work together and prepare a key out of potential construes for updating Handstars current offerings as well as to develop ideas for additional offerings. The directors were also asked to cast the development costs of the various stick outs, product revenues, and the likelihood that Handstar could retain or obtain a leading position for the given product. Also, with the increasing popularity of the Internet, the founders asked the directors to evaluate the extent to which the products made use of the Internet.The product development and marketing directors identified three projects related to updating Handstars existing products. The first project would integrate Handstars current calendar program with its email program. Integrating these two applications into a single program would provide a consequence of benefits to users such a s allowing them to automatically enter the dates of meetings into the calendar based on the content of an email message. The directors estimated that this project would require 1250 arcminutes of software development time.Revenues in the first year of the products launch were estimated to be $750,000. However, because the directors expected that a large percentage of the users would liable(predicate) upgrade to this new product soon after its introduction, they projected that yearbook sales would decline by 10 percent annually in subsequent years. The directors speculated that Handstar was moderately likely to obtain a leading position in email/calendar programs if this project were undertaken and mat this program made moderate use of the Internet. The flake project related to updating the expense report program.The directors estimated that this project would require 400 hours of development time. Sales were estimated to be $250,000 in the first year and to increase 5 percent annually in subsequent years. The directors speculated that completing this project would almost certainly maintain Handstars lead position in the expense report category, although it made little use of the Internet. The last product sweetening project required enhancing the existing portfolio tracking program. This project would require 750 hours of development time and would generate first-year sales of $500,000.Sales were projected to increase 5 percent annually in subsequent years. The directors felt this project would have a high probability of maintaining Handstars leadership position in this category and the product would make moderate use of the Internet. The directors also identified three opportunities for new products. One project was the development of a spreadsheet program that could share files with spread-sheet programs written for PCs. Developing this product would require 2500 hours of development time. First-year sales were estimated to be $1,000,000 with an annu al growth rate of 10 percent.While this product did not make use of the Internet, the directors felt that Handstar had a moderate chance of obtaining a leadership position in this product category. The second new product opportunity identified was a Web browser. Developing this product would require 1875 development hours. First-year sales were estimated to be $2,500,000 with an annual growth rate of 15 percent. Although this application made all-embracing use of the Internet, the directors felt that there was a very low probability that Handstar could obtain a leadership position in this product category.The final product opportunity identified was a trip planner program that would work in conjunction with a PC connected to the Web and download go instructions to the users handheld computer. This product would require 6250 hours of development time. First-year sales were projected to be $1,300,000 with an annual growth rate of 5 percent. Like the Web browser program, the director s felt that there was a low probability that Handstar could obtain a leadership position in this category, although the program would make extensive use of the Internet.In evaluating the projects, the founders believed it was reasonable to assume each product had a three-year life. They also felt that a snub rate of 12 percent fairly reflected the companys cost of capital. An analysis of pay-roll records indicated that the cost of software developers is $52 per hour including salary and fringe benefits. Currently there are four software developers on staff, and each whole works 2500 hours per year. Which option should they choose?

Issues Facing Latino Immigrants in Todays Political Climate Essay Example for Free

Issues liner Latino Immigrants in Todays Political Climate EssayThe consider together States is a democracy built on in-migration, both levelheaded and il profound. One of the close influential groups in terms of immigration in America is the Latin Ameri give the axe demographic. Latin Americans influence everything from their local economies, politics, finishing and society in general. in that respect be a round of strains made both for and against continued immigration by Latinos, from the fact that both Americans be descended from immigrants to the fact that they result needed delve in aras that many American citizens argon s glint inclined to work in. The argu handst against immigration is that entrusting Latin Americans in steals jobs from U.S. citizens, they contri scarcee unduly to crime statistics or that they take advantage of societal function reserved for legal Americans without indemnifying the taxes that keep these programs in service. In this p aper, I will vex a brief history of Latin American immigration and present arguments both for and against continued front line into the United States. The close of the paper will be reserved for my opinion on what the best pass over of action would be to curtail the problems face immigration in the United States.The first significant quake of Mexican workers coming into the United States began in the early years of the twentieth century, following the curtailment of Japanese immigration in 1907 and the consequent drying up of cheap Asian labor. The need for Mexican labor change magnitude sharply when the Unites States entered World War I. The Mexican governance agreed to export Mexican workers as sign up laborers to en satisfactory American workers to fight overseas. After the war, an intensifying nativist climate led to restrictive quotas on immigration from Europe and to the creation of the U.S. B point Patrol, aimed at cutting back the flow of Mexicans. tho stinting dema nd for unskilled migrant workers continued begettereout the Roaring Twenties, encouraging Mexican immigrants to cross the mouldleg onlyy or not. This early need for labor, stemming both from a lack of in stock(predicate) men due to the war effort and a distrust of Asian immigrants, became the catalyst for Mexican workers to engender migrating into the U.S. The ready work, bring out wages comp ared to those in their home country and promise of a better life either in the United States or back in their home countries, led many Latinos to cross the borderand begin settling and working in America.The early influx of Latino laborers tendinged combat the loss of American men to the war effort in Europe. World War I and World War II amused a with child(p) many American males to Europe and the Pacific to serve in the military, which left businesses misfortunate on labor. Although women started entering the work burden at this time, there still was a dearth of labor to fill all t he roles that had opened up with the mass exodus of American males into the military.Following the return of the United States military after the war effort subsided, there was less need for immigrant labor and so a great many of the Latino workers returned to their home countries. The desire for legal immigrant labor to fill requirement mail started evolving into its cur necessitate state, whereby businesses supplant legal workers with illegal workers, thus gaining admittance to the labor that their businesses require spell moreover paying a fraction of the wages that legal citizens would demand.One of the tools conservatives keep up used very successfully over the past times 25 years to calculate down wages, bust unions, and increase CEO salaries has been to uphold illegal immigrant labor in the US. Their technique is transparently simple. Conservatives well understand supply and demand. If theres more of more or lessthing, its harm goes down. If it becomes scarce, its p rice goes up.They also understand that this applies just as readily to labor as it does to houses, cars, soybeans, or oil. age the history of much of the progressive movement in the United States has been to control the supply of labor ( roughlyly through pushing for maximum-hour, right-to-strike, and child-labor laws) to thus be able to bargain decent wages for working mountain, the history of conservative America has, from its earliest days grounded in slavery and indentured workers from Europe, been to increase the supply of labor and drive down its cost.The Latino masses who immigrated here had motives different from those of the businesses bringing them here to an immigrant, America was a shoot down of endless opportunities, where they could either settle their families and begin a new life or earn liberal m superstary to return to their country of origin and live a comfortable life there.While some immigrants were no doubt coming to America to accomplish criminal goals, t he majority were everyday people feeling for a better life for themselves and their families.The problems facing illegal immigrants in the United States today are numerous. There are many who seek nothing more than to legalize their status as American citizens, while others would be happy to evidently receive work visas that would legalize their status within America and allow them to work without fear of harassment, arrest or deportation. Among the many problems that immigrants face are the followingThe type and fictitious character of education available to these new residentsdesperate to learn slopeand to their children. Economic issues the lack of secure jobs that pay an often undocumented population, and their resulting poor or crowded housing. Isolation in immigrant and refugee communities closing off from operate that could help them, as well as the emotional isolation caused by the stress.Prejudice and discrimination that new immigrants and refugees melodic theme they face, as well as the cultural differences that whitethorn deter them from seeking and receiving services.The language barrier is perchance the intimately important barrier facing these immigrants. The inability to speak English in America is a warning sign the soul may be an illegal immigrant, it is harder to read signs or desperatections, many services are staffed by English loudspeaker systems and therefore may be inefficient(p) to understand what the Spanish speaker wants and it is harder to apply for jobs if the person is unable to decipher what the application is asking of them. For roughly Americans, this isnt an issue facing them, but for an illegal immigrant with limited access to educational opportunities or translators, it is a major hurdle that they may be unable to overcome.The inability to speak English is a major hurdle in areas with rich law enforcement and laws that are in place to detain and deport illegal immigrants. In Arizona, laws are on the books tha t allow police to check the immigration status of anyone pulled over. This could be as simple as an officer walking by a group of Latinos speaking in the native tongue andasking for papers.If they cant provide documentation, they could be arrested as illegal aliens, creating an atmosphere where people are afraid to be caught using their own language, but are unable to communicate effectively enough in English to get the help they need to master it. The major problem with this is that people oftentimes complain that immigrants dont want to learn English, but the ones that do are unable to access the tools or services they need to meet this requirement.The inability to read signs is another enormous hurdle facing immigrants many signs are in English only and may contain important directions or warnings that people who are unable to speak or read in English wont be able to understand. course construction warnings, directions to important general anatomyings like hospitals or hazard warnings due to inclement weather will be beyond the ability of these people to either follow or fathom. If an immigrant is wound while working on a remote job site and is unable to speak English, they wont be able to call emergency services for a paramedic.If this occurs, the only recourse is for another worker to drive the wound party to a nearby hospital. If the person is severely injured, possibly bleeding heavily and neither person in the vehicle can read the English language directions, valuable minutes may be wasted while they drive aimlessly looking for a hospital that would be easily reached by someone with the ability to read the signs directing them to the hospitals location.Another important hurdle is that non-English speakers acquire fewer labor protections than English speakers do. An unscrupulous business owner could take advantage of the fact that these people are unlikely to go to the authorities if they are taken advantage of and then under pay, force them to w ork in unsafe conditions or work hours that an English speaker would know were illegal and would be able to get the help to puzzle a stop to it. A non-English speaker may be afraid to come forward and risk arrest or deportation and will then simply endure the miserable conditions and continue to work for less than fair pay.Immigrants are often identified as a vulnerable populationthat is, a group at increased risk for poor physical, psychological, and sociable healthoutcomes and inadequate health negociate.(healthaffairs.org) Vulnerability is shaped by many factors, including political and accessible marginalization and a lack of socioeconomic and societal resources. Addressing the health care needs of immigrant populations is challenging both because of the heterogeneity of this group and because recent federal and state policies have restricted some immigrants access to health care.These policies have exacerbated existing differences in access (for example, legal residents ver sus undocumented and long-term residents versus recent arrivals). The stigma associated with some forms of immigration status (for example, undocumented versus refugee) can also contribute to vulnerability. This is a different issue than that of reading signs adequately the inability to properly speak in English puts immigrants in a dangerous situation where they are oftentimes working in unsafe conditions but are unable to obtain health care in case of an injury. A debilitating injury could not only cost the immigrant their job, but put them at risk of save harm when they cant get the medical care that would be required to properly nurse them back to health.This puts an enormous strain not only on the families of the injured workers, but on the low cost health care alternatives available in the areas that immigrants live in, as they wont be able to afford proper care at a hospital and are relegated to seeking recourse at a free clinic or some similar institution. When this occurs, these institutions are unable to keep up with the demands placed on them by their normal clientele and are strained to back log cases resulting in tear down more harm to the health of all the affected individuals. This whorled problem could conceivably become so dire that entire areas are denied health care access while the back log is cleared out.The next hurdle facing immigrants is the quality of education available to both themselves and their families. Non-English speakers in areas where their native tongue is not used frequently may be unable to gain access to schools or teachers who could either teach the English or provide education at a level befitting their intelligence instead of teaching them more basic information because it is pretended that the inability to speak English denotes a learning disorder instead of simply being a problem caused by coming from a country where English is not the language spoken mostfrequently.Much of the participation gap can be explaine d by just a few economic and socio-demographic factors, the authors find. To some extent, the factors that affect disadvantaged immigrant children resemble those of their similarly disadvantaged native counterparts. Affordability, availability, and access to ECE programs are geomorphological barriers for many immigrant families, as they are for disadvantaged families more generally.Language barriers, bureaucratic complexity, and distrust of government programs, oddly among undocumented immigrants, are unique challenges that may prevent some immigrant families from taking advantage of ECE programs, even when their children baron qualify for subsidies. Cultural preferences for parental care at home can also be a barrier.Housing is another major issue facing immigrants, especially illegal ones. These people are forced to live in the most destitute areas due to the low paying jobs they take and since they have no formal status as American citizens, will often times crowd into homes t oo tenuous for the number of people living there, creating dangerous situations such(prenominal) as fire hazards or the spread of disease.These houses may also lack basic amenities, which can lead to sickness in the weaker members of a family or to a lack of hygiene which will further impair the immigrants ability to secure work or better housing. Like all renters, immigrants have faced an economic squeeze over the past decade, as rents have risen while incomes have remained flat. The median income for households headed by foreign-born New Yorkers is $35,500, significantly less than the median income of native bornheaded households.Even as the city has seen high levels of new construction, the number of units that are affordable for low- to middle-income families has decreased precipitously. From 2002 to 2005, the city lost more than 205,000 units affordable to the typical household. The median monthly rent for unsubsidized apartments in the city increased by 8 percent, while the c itywide median income fell by 6.3 percent. For unsubsidized low-income renters a group that includes a disproportionate share of immigrants the typical share of earnings spent on rent rose from 43 percent to more than half of income, in just three years.The foreclosure crisis is maddening the problem, and even drop in real estate prices is providing little relief. Rent declines are concentrated in Manhattan luxury housing, the only part of the market with a high vacancy rate. In the outer boroughs, where most New Yorkers and most immigrants live, widespread foreclosures are leading to the eviction of tenants and homeowners alike.The next major issue is that of isolation in immigrant communities. Many immigrants are very aware of the negative public opinion of illegal immigrants and even if they are here legally, may be afraid they will be viewed in the same light as those who did not arrive in the appropriate manner.This isolation can result in depression, do drugs use or an inabi lity to access medical and social services that they are in dire need of. An immigrant who feels isolated by public pressure may pull his or her children from public schools, further exacerbating the educational crisis facing many of them and creating another generation of immigrants unable or seemingly unvoluntary to assimilate into American gardening.Past research on immigration has conceptualized the rendering of immigrants to their new cultural and social environment as a multifaceted process involving different patterns and strategies. From a broad perspective, adaptation is a process of change and adjustment to new environmental conditions. Although there is no agreement in research on how to define and measure adaptation while moving from one culture to another, it has been suggested that most migrants go through initial culture shock, which has significant consequences for their wellbeing.The extent and outcomes of this culture shock and following adaptation may depend o n many factors, from cultural distance to migration motivation and expectations. Adaptation of immigrants can be defined as the process of fitting in to the society of settlement and functioning successfully in a new environment. Two distinct aspects of intercultural adaptation have been identified on the basis of past research. The first is socio-cultural adaptation, which is based on the culture learning approach and reflects the ability to engage in inferential interaction with a different culture.The other is psychological adjustment, which facilitates the individuals sense of wellbeing, positive estimate ofsituations and general satisfaction with life. This as noted is with Russians into New Zealand but American immigrants face the same challenges as does any immigrant anywhere.The final major hurdle facing immigrants is that of prejudiced attitudes by the citizens of the host country. As seen in some parts of America today, there are a number of people with negative attitude s towards all immigrants, legal or illegal. When added to the problems already facing immigrants, this last obstacle can prove almost insurmountable. An immigrant may have the best intentions of assimilating into the host countries society, but find the avenues to do this blocked by people in positions of power who do their utmost to prevent them from making head personal manner, either by creating laws to hamper immigrants from arriving or becoming successful, to denying them basic services and amenities that they need in order to become part of the culture or to take care of their families.Were highly dependent on people in our own groups. In fact, one could argue that our highly ultra-social, interdependent form of group living may be the most important human adaptation. People tend to be invested in members of their groups, to have ongoing histories of fair exchanges and interactive relations, to treat one another reasonably well, to create and follow a set of agreed-upon norms , and thereby build up trust.Outsiders arent going to have that same built-up investment in us or our group. Because of this, we tend to intrust that people who are foreign to us are more likely to pose certain kinds of terrors We conceive they may be more interested in taking our resources, more likely to cheat us in exchanges, to violate our norms and values, to take more than their fair share, and the like. These perceptions of threats are linked to negative emotions such as anger and moral disgust that contribute to anti-immigrant prejudices.The solutions to these problems are as varied as the problems themselves. In order to help alleviate the problem of illegal immigration, an easier to utilize and more streamlined policy for legal immigration is a must. A good system would involve fast tracking candidates who possess skills needed in America, while providing a system for normal laborers to get in quickly as well.A way to help new immigrants would be to set up camps where t heycould learn English and important facets of American culture and law while waiting for their paperwork to process. The system could be set up to require that these new immigrants aim a basic competency in English and maneuvering through American society before they are granted full citizenship. There have been a number of programs and ideas put forth to help immigrants, with such as the Dream Act.Over three million students graduate from U.S. high schools every year. Most get the opportunity to test their dreams and live their American story. However, a group of approximately 65,000 youth do not get this opportunity they are smeared with an inherited title, an illegal immigrant. These youth have lived in the United States for most of their lives and want nothing more than to be accepted for what they are, Americans. The conceive of Act is a bipartisan enactment pioneered by Sen.Orin Hatch R-UT and Sen. Richard Durbin D-IL that can solve this hemorrhaging injustice in our so ciety. Under the rigorous provision of the DREAM Act, qualifying undocumented youth would be eligible for a 6 year long conditional path to citizenship that requires completion of a college degree or two years of military service.An example of one policy that aims to help immigrants shows how much added pressure is put on immigrants in order to satisfy the political views of prejudiced voters, A bipartisan group of U.S. senators on Tuesday unveiled long-awaited landmark legislation to remove the threat of deportation for millions of illegal immigrants, giving them an opportunity to apply for permanent legal status within 10 years and eventually for U.S. citizenship.Under the proposal, undocumented immigrants who came to America before Dec. 31, 2011 and stayed continuously could apply for provisional legal status as soon as six months after the bill is signed by the president. But beyond that, they would have to wait, perhaps for a decade or more without receiving federal benefits, while the government meets a host of tough conditions for securing U.S. borders and enforcing current immigration law.The bills sponsors four Democrats and four Republicans -felt such conditions and enforcement triggers to be necessary in order to help it succeed where similar measures have failed, mostly because of opposition to what opponents see as amnesty for law-breakers.This policy at first seems like a great start towards helping immigrants, but the hurdles and thenumber of caveats attached make it so difficult for these people to attain that a great many of them, especially those of limited education, may simply continue subsisting the way they have instead of doing all the work required knowing that there would still be a long wait until they were recognized as full citizens.In closing, my opinion is that the Dream Act is the basis that elected officials should use to ruse future immigration reform. It offers attainable goals, the timeline is short and if the goals are me t, the immigrants will have proven that they are as American as those born here. While the Dream Act only helps children of illegal immigrants, similar provisions could be added into such a law to help the adult members of this community become full citizens. quite a than viewing immigrants as an obstacle that we must overcome, we should instead remember that at one time, all Americans were immigrants and that this country was founded on the ideal that it would provide safety and respite to those in need and those who wanted to become a member of this society. An influx of vibrant people from other cultures only opens the doors to new ideas, new business opportunities and potentially new friends.BibliographyPeter Morton Coan, Toward a Better Life Americas New Immigrants in Their Own WordsFrom Ellis Island to the Present. Prometheus Books 2011.Stephen Yale-Loehr, Green broadside Stories. Umbrage Editions 2011. Common Dreams. Stop Allowing the Wealthy to Treat Undocumented Immigrants Like Slaves https//www.commondreams.org/view/2013/03/13-10Kathryn Derose. Immigrants And Health fright Sources Of Vulnerabilityhttp//content.healthaffairs.org/content/26/5/1258.fullBrad Lander. Confronting the Housing Squeeze Challenges Facing Immigrant Tenants, and What New York understructure Dohttp//prattcenter.net/sites/default/files/publications/Confronting%20the%20Housing%20Squeeze.pdf Randal Archibold. Arizona Enacts Stringent Law on Immigration.http//www.nytimes.com/2010/04/24/us/politics/24immig.html?_r=0 Lake Snell Perry Mermin. Challenges Facing New Immigrants and Refugeeshttp//www.policyarchive.org/handle/10207/bitstreams/21623.pdf Harvard Magazine. Uneasy Neighbors A Brief History of Mexican-U.S. Migrationhttp//harvardmagazine.com/2007/05/uneasy-neighbors-a-brief-html Dream act FAQS. http//dreamact.info/faq/11n5252Karoly, LA. ahead of time care and education for children in immigrant familieshttp//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21465856Sophie Bushwick. What Causes Prej udice against Immigrants, and How Can It Be Tamed? http//www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-causes-prejudice-aga Elise Foley. Dream Act To Be Reintroduced In House As Immigration Push Growshttp//www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/07/dream-act_n_2639187.html